Language AP Flashcards

15930864178	how many languages in the world	7000	0
15930864179	what are of the world holds most languages?	sub-saharan africa	1
15930864180	how many languages are spoken by at least 100 million people?	10	2
15930864181	how are languages created	language divergence and convergence	3
15930864182	Examples of dead language	latin, Phoenician	4
15930864183	why are languages disappearing at an accelerated rate?	globalization	5
15930864184	hierarchy of language classification	family has branches branch have groups groups have language language has dialects dialect has accents	6
15930864185	dialect	A regional variety of a language distinguished by vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation.	7
15930864186	social dialects	can denote social class and standings	8
15930864187	vernacular dialects	the common, slang, speech of a region	9
15930864188	accent	how a language is pronounced	10
15930864189	how many language families are there	19	11
15930864190	what are the major six?	indo-european sino-tibetan afro-asiatic niger-congo dravidian Austraneseian	12
15930864191	how many people speak at Indo-European language	1.5 billion	13
15930864192	what language family is spoken most widely? by how many people (not only native speakers)	Indo-European 50% of world speaker	14
15930864193	Where did Indo-European language originate?	Proto-Indo-Europeans 6000 - 4500 BCE	15
15930864194	main branches	germanic, romance, baltic-slavic, Indo-Iranian	16
15930864195	Germanic	Dutch German English	17
15930864196	Romance	Spanish french italian	18
15930864197	baltic-slavic	russian polish czech	19
15930864198	Indo-Iranian	Urdu Hindu Bengali	20
15930864199	How many countries is English the official language?	42 countries	21
15930864200	why is english so widely spoken	diffusion throughout the world of years of British colonialism	22
15930864201	how did english develop	celtic tribes germanic tribes Anglo conversion to christianity	23
15930864202	what language are Romance languages based upon	Indo-European	24
15930864203	what widely spoken language belongs to the Sino-Tibetan family	Sinitic (mandarin, 1,075) Tibeto-Burman (burmese 32)	25
15930864204	popular language belongs to Afro-Asiatic	Arabic	26
15930864205	revival language belongs to the Afro-Asiatic family	Hebrew	27
15930864206	most prominent language of the Niger-Congo family	Swanili	28
15930864207	polyglot state	countries in which more than one language is spoken	29
15930864208	monolingual	speakers of only one language	30
15930864209	does the united states have an official language	no	31
15930864210	how many official languages in Canada?	2	32
15930864211	how many official languages in Nigeria	1	33
15930864212	how many official languages in Switzerland	4	34
15930864213	how many official languages in India	16	35
15930864214	Six official languagees of the United Nations	english mandarin-chinese russian french spanish arabic	36
15930864215	toponym	place name	37
15931215475	language	organized system of spoken words by which people communicate with one another	38
15931215476	lingua france	when multiple languages are spoken in one region, one will be used to communicate or conduct trade ( english, french, Swahili)	39
15931215477	first language	prototongue	40
15931215478	language divergence	speakers of some language scatter and and develop variations of language	41
15931215479	language convergence	two languages become one	42
15931215480	reverse reconsturction	common words for an animal, particularly an econ fr animal and track back to organ of place where animal existed	43
15931215481	why do we use reverse reconstruction	to trace the origins of langauge	44
15931215482	language replacement	when a dominating language replaces another language	45
15931215483	Language Extinction	language is no longer used by people	46
15931215484	language revival	people are trying to preserve logan diversity in language (ainu in japan)	47
15931215485	what is unique about Basque	language is isolated and has no connections to any other lamgauge	48
15931215486	isolated language	a language that is not related to any other language and this not connected to any language families	49
15931215487	native language	lamgauge is first language spoken	50
15931215488	Creole language	a language that results from the mixing of a colonizers language with an indigenous language and survives long enough to become a mother tongue	51
15931215489	english family, branch, group, language, dialects, accents	indo european, germanic branch, west germanic, english, american, boston	52
15931215490	pidgin language	a form of speech that adopts simplified vocab from a dominating group used for communication between speakers of two different languages	53
15931215491	why's english adopted as the official language in nigeria	to communicate with others	54
15931215492	BRP	British Received Pronunciation	55
15931215493	most widely spoken language in india	Hindi, indo european	56
15931215494	ideograms	pictures that represent concepts rather than sounds ( chinese, japanese)	57
15931215495	official langauge	declared to be the language used in legal and government proceedings	58
15931215496	phonetic symbols	letters used to represent sounds, not ideas	59
15969190164	race	based on superficial biological characteristics	60
15969190165	examples of centripetal forces	nationalism, common culture religion, language, ethnicity, the dominant city, symbols like flags and songs, sporting events, compact states ( france)	61
15969190166	centripetal force	forces that unify a state	62
15969190167	ethnicity	defined by shared culture traits. based on linkage to ancestral homeland and shared history	63
15969190168	genocide	when an ethnic or racial group tries to kill another racial or ethnic group ( Rohingya refugee crisis)	64
15969190169	culture	based on charmed social characteristics ( religion, language, social, organization, economics, customize and traditions, government	65
15969190170	ethnic cleansing	process in which a racial or ethnic group the times to expel another group	66
15969190171	state	a sovereign stare that is over whelmingly dominated by one ethnic city or nationality	67
15969190172	nationality	term encompassing all the citizens of a state. aka country	68
15969190173	2 definition of nationality	identify a group of people who occupy a specific territory and are bound together by a shared ethnicity	69
15969190174	when was the classification system of race developed	europe 18th century, caucasians, mongoloids, blacks	70
15969190175	1 definition of nationality	a term that encompasses all the citizens of a state	71
15969190176	largest race in america, 2, 3	white, black/african, asian	72
15969190177	ethnocentrism	believe your cultural identity to be superior to others	73
15969190178	largest concentration of african americans locates in america	southeast	74
15969190179	largest concentration of asians located in america	west ( california)	75
15969190180	largest concentration of native americans located in america	arizona, alaska	76
15969190181	favela	poor ethnic neighborhood ( brazil)	77
15969190182	barrio	neighborhood, indicates slums in venezuela	78
15969190183	difference between race and ethnicity	race is based on biological features, ethnic groups are culture traits	79
15969190184	ghetto	religion in which an ethnic minority live because of economic, legal or government pressures	80
15969190185	is hispanics a race or ethnic group	ethnic group	81
15969190186	ethnic enclave	where an ethnic minority is concentrated and surrounded by another group	82
15969190187	general clusters of hispanics in america	southwest, south east of florida, northeast	83
15969190188	nationalism	loyalty and devotion to a nationally a.k.a. patriotism	84
15969190189	Why are centripetal forces vital to nationalism?	they unify states	85
15969190190	common centripetal forces seen in the us	american football	86
15969190191	centrifugal force	forces that divide a state	87
15969190192	examples of centrifugal forces	multiple languages, religions, ethnicity. Excessive immigration to create aheterogeneous society. Income display. elongated or fragmented state	88