AP US History Chapter 14 Henretta 8th Edition Flashcards

15340930430	Crittenden Compromise	1860 - attempt to prevent Civil War by Senator Crittenden - offered a Constitutional amendment recognizing slavery in the territories south of the 36º30' line, noninterference by Congress with existing slavery, and compensation to the owners of fugitive slaves - defeated by Republicans	0
15340930431	total war	A war that involves the complete mobilization of resources and people, affecting the lives of all citizens in the warring countries, even those remote from the battlefields.	1
15340930432	draft	A law requiring people of a certain age to serve in the military	2
15340930433	habeas corpus	Constitutional protection against unlawful imprisonment	3
15340930434	King cotton	The leading American export and a crucial staple of the nineteenth-century economy	4
15340930435	greenbacks	Name for Union paper money not backed by gold or silver. Value would fluctuate depending on status of the war (plural)	5
15340930436	"contrabands"	Escaped slaves	6
15340930437	Radical Republicans	After the Civil War, a group that believed the South should be harshly punished and thought that Lincoln was sometimes too compassionate towards the South.	7
15340930438	Emancipation Proclamation	(AL) , Issued by abraham lincoln on september 22, 1862 it declared that all slaves in the confederate states would be free	8
15340930439	scorched-earth campaign	A campaign in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia by Union general Philip H. Sheridan's troops. The troops destroyed grain, barns, and other useful resources to punish farmers who had aided Confederate raiders.	9
15340930440	War and Peace Democrats	Members of the Democratic Party that split into two camps over war policy during the Civil War. War Democrats vowed to continue fighting until the rebellion ended, while Peace Democrats called for a constitutional convention to negotiate a peace settlement.	10
15340930441	"hard war"	Shermans tactic of this is "when one nation is at war with another, all the people of one are enemies of the other"	11
15340930442	March to the Sea	Sherman's march from Atlanta, Georgia, to Savannah, Georgia which cut off confederate supplies received by the sea. They wanted to destroy the Southern economy and morale, leading to Southern surrender.	12
15340930443	Abraham Lincoln	16th President of the United States saved the Union during the Civil War and emancipated the slaves; was assassinated by Booth (1809-1865)	13
15340930444	Jefferson Davis	President of the Confederate States of America	14
15340930445	Robert E. Lee	Confederate general who had opposed secession but did not believe the Union should be held together by force	15
15340930446	George McClellan	A general for northern command of the Army of the Potomac in 1861; nicknamed "Tardy George" because of his failure to move troops to Richmond; lost battle vs. General Lee near the Chesapeake Bay; Lincoln fired him twice.	16
15340930447	Ulysses S. Grant	an American general and the eighteenth President of the United States (1869-1877). He achieved international fame as the leading Union general in the American Civil War.	17
15340930448	William T. Sherman	general whose march to sea caused destruction to the south	18
15341124822	1st Battle of Bull Run (Manassas)	July 21, 1861. Va. (outside of D.C.) People watched battle. Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson: Confederate general, held his ground and stood in battle like a "stone wall." Union retreated. Confederate victory. Showed that both sides needed training and war would be long and bloody	19
15341138969	Peninsula Campaign (1862)	Union General George McClellan's failed effort to seize Richmond, the Confederate Capital; Confederate victory made possible by the leadership of General Robert E. Lee.	20
15341171318	Battle of Antietam (1862)	Single bloodiest day of the American Civil War; Union victory that turned back a Confederate invasion of the North. Historical Significance: Allowed Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation proclaiming the freedom of slaves in the ten states then in rebellion and shifting the war objectives of the North.	21
15341182891	Battle of Fredericksburg (December 1862)	Union general = Ambrose "side burns" Burnside who replaced McClellan, Confed. general = Lee, Was a "mud march", Burnside wanted to launch a full assault on Lee to surprise him but it didn't work , Confed. victory and Lincoln fires Burnside!	22
15341203768	Battle of Shiloh (April 1862)	Bloody Civil War battle on the Tennessee-Mississippi border that resulted in the deaths of more than 23,000 soldiers and ended in a marginal Union victory.	23
15341212411	Battle of Vicksburg (1863)	A protracted battle in northern Mississippi in which Union forces under Ulysses Grant besieged the last major Confederate fortress on the Mississippi River, forcing the inhabitants into starvation and then submission and giving control of the Mississippi River to the Union.	24
15341223445	Battle of Gettysburg (1863)	Largest and bloodiest battle of the American Civil War; Union victory; considered - when coupled with General Ulysses S. Grant's victory in Vicksburg the next day - to be the turning point of the war. Historical Significance: Lincoln used the dedication ceremony for the Gettysburg National Cemetery to honor the fallen Union soldiers and redefine the purpose of the war in his historic Gettysburg Address.	25