AP Stats Project 2 Flashcards
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| 11467355580 | Observational Study | A research method that observes individuals and measures variables of interest but does not attempt to influence the responses. |  | 0 |
| 13526648788 | Bias | A particular preference or point of view that is personal, rather than scientific. | 1 | |
| 11467355581 | Experiment | A research method that deliberately imposes some treatment on individuals in order to observe their responses. | 2 | |
| 11467355582 | Population | The entire group of individuals that statisticians want information about. | 3 | |
| 11467355583 | Sample | The part of the population that statisticians actually examine in order to gather information. | 4 | |
| 11467358295 | Census | A complete enumeration of a population. | 5 | |
| 11467358296 | Sample Design | The design of a sample refers to the method used to choose the sample from the population. | 6 | |
| 11467361333 | Voluntary Response Sample | Consists of people who choose themselves by responding to a general appeal. Voluntary response samples are biased because people with strong opinions, especially negative opinions, are most likely to respond. |  | 7 |
| 11467361334 | Convenience Sampling | A common type of bad sample design in which the participants that are easiest to reach are chosen. |  | 8 |
| 11467370670 | Biased Sample Design | The design of a study is biased if it systematically favors certain outcomes. | 9 | |
| 11467374267 | Simple Random Sample (SRS) | An example of good sample design, consists of n individuals from the population chosen in such a way that every set of n individuals has an equal chance to be the sample actually selected. | 10 | |
| 11467378074 | Stratified Random Sample | A sample from selected subgroups of the target population in which everyone in those subgroups has an equal chance of being included in the research. | 11 | |
| 11467378075 | Undercoverage | Occurs when some groups in the population are left out of the process of choosing the sample. |  | 12 |
| 11467380448 | Nonresponse | Occurs when an individual chosen for the sample can't be contacted or does not cooperate. |  | 13 |
| 11467384153 | Experimental Units | The individuals on which the experiment is done. |  | 14 |
| 11467384154 | Treatment | A specific experimental condition applied to the units. | 15 | |
| 11467384155 | Placebo Effect | Experimental results caused by expectations alone; any effect on behavior caused by the administration of an inert substance or condition, which the recipient assumes is an active agent. | 16 | |
| 11467387272 | Control Group | In an experiment, the group that is not exposed to the treatment; contrasts with the experimental group and serves as a comparison for evaluating the effect of the treatment. |  | 17 |
| 11467387273 | Control | A principal of experimental design, essential to mitigating the effects of lurking lurking variables on the response, most simply by comparing two or more treatments. |  | 18 |
| 11467387274 | Randomization | A principal of experimental design, used to assign experimental units to treatments. |  | 19 |
| 11467390312 | Replication | A principal of experimental design, is needed to reduce chance variation in the results. | 20 | |
| 11467390313 | Statistically Significant | An observed effect so large that it would rarely occur by chance. | 21 |