AP Lang Terms Flashcards

14072172957	Antagonist	The character who opposes the interests of the antagonist.	0
14072178456	Antanaclasis	Repetition of a word in two different senses.	1
14079401599	Anticipated Objection	The technique a writer or speaker uses in an argumentative text to address and answer objections, even though the audience has not had the opportunity to voice these objections.	2
14080391107	Antimetabole	The repetition of words in successive clauses in reverse grammatical order.	3
14080402280	Apostrophe	The direct address of an absent person or personified object as if he/she/it is able to reply.	4
14080426719	Appeal to Authority	In a text, the reference to words, action, or beliefs of a person in authority as a means of supporting a claim, generalization, or conclusion.	5
14080445340	Appeal to Emotion	The appeal of a text to the feelings or interests of the audience.	6
14080461039	Argument by Analysis	An argument developed by breaking the subject matter into its component parts.	7
14080464574	Bombast	Inflated or extravagant language.	8
14080486851	Deus ex Machina	a person or thing (as in fiction or drama) that appears or is introduced suddenly and unexpectedly and provides a contrived solution to an apparently insoluble difficulty.	9
14080496793	Logical Fallacies	Errors in reasoning. If you become familiar with them, you can identify logical fallacies in other's arguments.	10
14080523258	Post Hoc Fallacy	Just because Event A happened before Event B, you assume that Event A caused Event B.	11
14080532207	Non Sequitur Fallacy	An even more illogical connection of cause/effect, in which Event A clearly has nothing to do with Event B. The evidence offered does not support the conclusion that is reached.	12
14080573850	Ad Hominem Argument	You attack the person instead of the person's argument or point of view on a subject.	13
14080593971	Appeal to Questionable or Faulty Authority	Citing an authority who may not have expertise on the subject or using phrasing like "Sources close to..." or "Experts claim..."	14
14081452579	Begging the Question	Asking the reader to assume that something is true without proving it first-especially flawed if that "something" is controversial.	15
14081464023	False Analogy	You assume that because two things share some characteristics, they are alike in all respects.	16
14081482758	Either/Or Fallacy	You assume that taking a certain viewpoint or course of action will result in one of two diametrically opposed outcomes (no other outcomes possible).	17
14081500444	Red Herring Argument	You intentionally digress from the real issue being discussed, introducing a side issue that has nothing to do with the real issue under discussion.	18
14081598928	Sweeping Or Hasty Generalization	You've reached a conclusion based on only a little evidence that might be relevant but is not typical.	19
14081626509	Card Stacking	If someone says, "The cards were stacked against me," the speaker is saying he/she was never given a fair chance. This is a complicated one-one side may distort evidence or facts presented, suppress evidence, oversimplify or even suppress facts, etc.	20
14081654981	Straw Man	A misinterpretation of the opponent's view, making claims that no one actually believes to be true .	21
14081672685	Asyndeton	The omission of conjunctions between related clauses.	22
14081682381	Polysyndeton	Use of several conjunctions.	23
14081686466	Denotation	The dictionary definition of a word.	24
14081700110	Compound Subject	A sentence in which two or more nouns, noun phrases, or noun clauses constitute the grammatical subject of a clause.	25
14081712387	Confirmation	In ancient Roman oratory, the part of a speech in which the speaker or writer could offer proof or demonstration of the central idea.	26
14081735700	Conflict	The struggle of characters with themselves, with others, or with the world around them.	27
14081749953	Connotation	The implied meaning of a word, in contrast to its directly expressed "dictionary meaning".	28
14081758628	Effect	The emotional or psychological impact a text has on a reader or listener.	29
14081768820	Ellipsis	The omission of words, the meaning of which is provided by the overall context of a passage.	30
14081787433	Epanalepsis	Repetition at the end of a clause of the word that occured at the beginning of the clause.	31
14081795462	Epithet	A word or phrase adding a characteristic to a person's name.	32
14081812129	Figurative Language	Language dominated by the use of schemes and tropes.	33
14081823642	Flashback	A part of the plot that moves back in time and then returns to the present.	34
14081833699	Generalization	A point that a speaker or writer generations on the basis of considering a number of particular examples.	35
14081848641	Genre	A piece of writing classified by type.	36
14081853061	Irony	Writing or speaking that implies the contrary of what is actually written or spoken.	37
14081871804	Narration	In ancient roman oratory, the part of speech in which the speaker provided background information on the topic.	38
14081876220	Pace	The speed with which a plot moves from one event to another.	39
14093120467	Parallelism	A set of similarly structured words, phrases, or clauses that appears in a sentence or paragraph.	40
14093129560	Parenthesis	A insertion of material that interrupts the typical flow of a sentence.	41
14093134055	Periodic Sentence	A sentence with modifying elements included before the verb and/or complement.	42
14093146444	Scheme	An artful variation from typical formation and arrangement of words or sentences.	43
14093151263	Anecdote	A brief narrative offered in a text to capture the audience's attention or to support a generalization of claim.	44
14093158335	Compound Sentence	A sentence with two or more independent clauses.	45
14093166776	Conclusion (of syllogism)	The ultimate point of generalization that a syllogism expresses.	46
14093177912	Contraction	The combination of two words into one by eliminating one or more sounds and indicating the omission with an apostrophe.	47
14093188360	Contraries	See contradiction.	48
14093192694	Data (as evidence)	Facts, statistics, and examples that a speaker or writer offers in support of a claim, generalization, or conclusion.	49
14093208125	Deductive Reasoning	Reasoning that begins with a general principle and concludes with a specific instance that demonstrates the general principle.	50
14093213222	Efferent Reading	Reading to garner information from a text.	51
14093217671	Enthymeme	Logical reasoning with one premise left unstated	52
14093229536	Euphemism	An indirect expression of unpleasant information in such way as to lessen its impact.	53
14093237246	Image	A passage of text that evokes sensation or emotional intensity.	54
14093242324	Inference	A conclusion that a reader or listener reaches by means of his or her own thinking rather than by being told directly by a text.	55
14093249912	Narrative Intrusion	A comment that is made directly to the reader by breaking into the forward plot movement.	56
14093257920	Point of View	The perspective or source of a piece of writing.	57
14093262222	Ratio	Combination of two or more elements in a dramatistic pentad in order to invent material.	58
14093280584	Rhetorical Choices	The particular choices a writer or speaker makes to achieve meaning, purpose, or effect.	59
14093285335	Stock Settings	Stereotypical time and place settings that let readers know a text's genre immediately.	60
14093292261	Alliteration	The repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning or in the middle of two or more adjacent words.	61
14093298317	Anadiplosis	The repetition of the last word of one clause at the beginning of the following clause.	62
14093305023	Anaphora	The repetition of a group of words at the beginning of successive clauses.	63
14093314819	Antecedent-Consequence Relationship	The relationship expressed by "if...then" reasoning.	64
14093321488	Anthimeria	The substitution of one part of speech for another.	65
14093324924	Appeal	One of three strategies for persuading audiences- logos, appeal to reason, pathos, appeal to emotion, and ethos, appeal to ethics.	66
14093342151	Appositive	A noun or noun phrase that follows another noun immediately or defines or amplifies its meaning.	67
14093349596	Argument	A carefully constructed, well-supported representation of how a writer sees an issue, problem, or subject.	68
14093355377	Aristotelian Triangle	A diagram showing the relations of writer or speaker, audience (reader or listener), and text in a rhetorical situation.	69
14093357840	Canon	One of the traditional elements of rhetorical composition- invention, arrangement, style, memory, or delivery.	70
14093374583	Dramatic Narration	A narrative in which the reader or viewer does not have access to the unspoken thoughts of any character.	71
14093383059	Dynamic Character	One who changes during the course of the narrative.	72
14093393809	Evidence	The facts, statistics, anecdotes, and examples that a speaker or writer offers in support of a claim.	73
14093396567	Metonymy	An entity referred to by one of its attributes or associations.	74
14093402380	Symbol	In a text, an element that stands for more than itself, and, therefore, helps to convey a theme of the text.	75
14093409155	Tautology	A group of words that merely repeats the meaning already conveyed.	76
14093418194	Thesis	The main idea in a text, often the main generalization, conclusion, or claim.	77
14093430178	Thesis Statement	A single sentence that states a text's thesis, usually somewhere near the beginning.	78
14093438049	Topic	A place where writers go to discover methods for proof and strategies for presentation of ideas.	79
14093443819	Trope	An artful variation from expected modes of expression of thoughts and ideas.	80
14093451613	Voice	The textual features, such as diction and sentence structure, that convey a writer's or speaker's persona.	81
14093470853	Writing Process	The acts a writer goes through, often recursively, to complete a piece of writing: inverting, investigating, planning, drafting, consulting, revising, and editing.	82
14093492665	Audience	The person or persons who listen to a spoken text or read a written one and are capable of responding to it.	83
14093505293	Chiasmus	Inverted relationship between two elements in two parallel phrases.	84
14093512461	Claim	The ultimate conclusion, generalization, or point that a syllogism or enthymeme expresses. The point, backed up by support, of an argument.	85
14093522499	Climax	The arrangement of words, phrases, or clauses in order of increasing number or importance/	86
14093528913	Climbing the Ladder	A term referring to the scheme of climax.	87
14093532606	Isocolon	Parallel elements that are similar in structure and in length.	88
14093541882	Mnemonic Device	A systematic aid to memory.	89
14093545241	Onomatopoeia	A literary device in which the sound of a word is related to its meaning.	90
14093549829	Simple Sentence	A sentence with one independent clause and no dependent clause.	91
14093557134	Allegory	An extended metaphor.	92
14093561360	Allusion	A reference in a written or spoken text to another text or to some particular body of knowledge.	93
14093574846	Anastrophe	Inversion or reversal of the usual order of words.	94
14093577384	Antithesis	The juxtaposition of contrasting words or ideas, often in parallel structure.	95
14093590283	Cacophony	Words that create harsh, unpleasant sounds.	96
14093594358	Euphony	Words, or a combination of words, that create harmonious sounds.	97
14094265303	Synthesaisia	A combination of the senses.	98
14094269420	Flat character	A figure readily identifiable by memorable traits but not fully developed.	99
14094279623	Format	The structural elements that constitute the presentation of a writer text.	100
14094286885	Hyperbole	An exaggeration for effect.	101
14112281433	Loose Sentences	A sentence that adds modifying elements after the subject, verb, and complement.	102
14112301506	Meiosis	Representation of a thing as less than it really is to compel greater esteem for it.	103
14112309405	Metaphor	An implied comparison that does not use the word like or as.	104
14112317787	Malaproprism	Using words, particularly polysyllabic words, incorrectly.	105
14112340792	Oxymoron	Juxtaposed words with seemingly contradicting meanings.	106
14112346874	Paradox	A contradictory statement or contradictory ideas, but upon close inspection, seems to contain a truth.	107
14112361477	Parody	The imitative use of words, style, attitude, tone, and ideas of author in such a way as to make them ridiculous.	108
14112391054	Paralipsis	Irony in which one purposes to pass over a matter, but subtly reveals it.	109
14112400696	Protagonist	The major character in a piece of literature; the figure in the narrative whose interests the reader is most concerned about and sympathetic toward.	110
14112418162	Sarcasm	A sharp and often satirical or ironic utterance designed to cur or give pain. 2: A mode of satirical wit depending for its effect or bitter, caustic, and often ironic.	111
14112445594	Satire	The use of irony or ridicule in exposing vice, folly, etc.	112
14112453880	Setting	The context- including time and place-of a narrative.	113
14112465668	Sharing	A system calling for writers to read and listen to one another's work and suggest ways to improve.	114
14112478704	Simile	A type of comparison that uses the word like or as.	115
14112485640	Syllogism	Logical reasoning from inarguable premises.	116
14112501451	Synecdoche	A part of something used to refer to the whole.	117
14112514058	Syntax	The order of words in a sentence.	118
14112516764	Theme	The message conveyed by a literary work.	119
14112520454	Tone	The writer's or speaker's attitude toward the subject matter.	120
14112524229	Understatement	Deliberate playing down of a situation in order to make a point.	121
14112530748	Unity	The sense that a text is, appropriately, about only one subject and achieves one major purpose or effect.	122
14112547480	Unreliable Narrator	An untrustworthy or naive commentator on events and characters in a story.	123
14112554508	Verisimilitude	The quality of a text that reflects the truth of actual experience.	124
14112562325	Zeugma	A trope in which one word, usually a noun or the main verb, governs two other words not related in meaning.	125
14112580967	Aesthetic Reading	Reading to experience the world of the text.	126
14112585453	Anachronism	Either and action, character, or thing misplaced in time.	127
14112593302	Apposition	Two nouns that are adjacent to each other and reference the same thing.	128
14112607915	Arrangement	In a spoken or written text, the placement of ideas for effect.	129
14112617816	Archetype	Original (first).	130
14112620691	Assonance	The repetition of vowel sounds in the stressed syllables of two or more adjacent words.	131
14112625448	Assumption	An opinion, a perspective, or a belief that a writer or speaker thinks the audience holds.	132
14112638811	Attitude	In an adapted dramatistic pentad created by a speaker or writer in order to invent materials, the manner in which an action is carried out.	133
14112646580	Auxesis	Magnifying the importance of gravity or referring it with a disproportionate name.	134
14112657762	Bathos	Insincere or overdone sentimentality/pathos.	135
14115301748	Begging of the Question	The situation that results when a writer or speaker constructs an argument on an assumption that the audience does not accept.	136
14115320415	Casual Relationship	The relationship expressing, "If X is the cause, the Y is the effect," or, "If Y is the effect, then X caused it."	137
14115330011	Character	A personage in a narrative.	138
14115333150	Complex Sentence	A sentence with one independent clause and one or more dependent clause.	139
14115347827	Compound-Complex Sentence	A sentence with two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.	140
14115359689	Conceit	Fairly elaborate figurative device which often incorporates metaphor, simile, hyperbole, or oxymoron.	141
14115370284	Context	The convergence of time, place, audience, and motivating factors in which a piece of writing or a speech is situated.	142
14115391188	Contradiction	One of the types of rhetorical invention included under the common topic of relationships. Contradiction urges the speaker or writer to invent an example or a proof that is counter to the main idea or argument.	143
14115397884	Descriptive Writing	Writing that relies on sensory images to characterize a person or place.	144
14115422340	Dialect	The describable patterns of language-grammar and vocabulary-used by a particular cultural or ethnic population.	145
14115746231	Dialogue	Conversation between and among characters	146
14124015694	Diction	Word choice, which is viewed on scales of formality/informality, concreteness/abstraction, Latinate derivation/Anglo-Saxon derivation, and denotative value/connotative value.	147
14124027898	Double Entendre	The double meanings of a group of words that the speaker or writer has purposely left ambiguous.	148
14390124298	Drafting	The process by which writers get something written on paper or in a computer file so that they can develop their ideas and begin moving towards an end, a start-to-finish product; the raw material for what will become the final product.	149
14390132585	Dramatic Monologue	A type of poem, popular primarily in the nineteenth century, in which the speaker is delivering a monologue to an assumed group of listeners.	150
14390142283	Elegy	Poem written that often contains elements of lament and mourning for someone/something.	151
14390147663	Homily	Either a sermon delivered to a congregation or a written work of admonitory fashion edifying the reader morally.	152
14390153027	Epistrophe	The repetition of a word at the end of successive clauses or sentences.	153
14390154453	Erotema	Asking a question to assert or deny something obliquely not for an answer.	154
14390157678	Ethos	The appeal of a text to the credibility and character of the speaker, writer, or narrator.	155
14390161316	Exaggeration	An overstatement.	156
14390162171	Example	An anecdote or a narrative offered in support of a generalization, claim, or point.	157
14390163961	Explication	To give a detailed explanation of something; analyze.	158
14390165399	Exordium	In ancient roman oratory, the introduction of a speech; literally, the "web" meant to draw the audience in the speech.	159
14390170339	Extended Analogy	An extended passage arguing that if two things are similar in one or two ways, they are probably similar in other ways as well.	160
14390173254	Fable	A narrative in which fictional characters, often animals, take actions that have ethical or moral significance.	161
14390177758	Figures of Rhetoric	Schemes--that is, variations from typical word or sentence formation--and tropes, which are variations from typical patterns of thought.	162
14390179861	Flashforward	A part of the plot that jumps ahead in time and returns to the present	163
14390180392	Hubris	Exaggerated pride or self-confidence; often brings about the downfall (pride, arrogance, etc.)	164
14390182060	Hamartia	Tragic flaw.	165
14390184227	Anastrophe/Hyperbaton	Unusual or inverted word order.	166
14390185530	Imagery	Language that evokes particular sensations or emotionally rich experiences in a reader.	167
14390187275	Implied Metaphor	A metaphor embedded in a sentence rather than expressed directly as a sentence.	168
14390190693	Jargon	The specialized vocabulary of a particular group.	169
14390191370	Limited Narration	A narrative in which the reader or viewer has access to the unspoken thoughts of one character or partial thinking of more than one character.	170
14390194431	Litotes	Understatement	171
14390195974	Lampoon	A harsh satire usually directed toward someone.	172
14390197363	Carpe diem	Seize the day	173
14390201864	Logic	The art of reasoning.	174
14390202531	Logos	The appeal of a text based on the logical structure of its argument or central ideas.	175
14390208249	Kenning	Two word renaming of a person or object.	176
14390208587	Mood	The feeling that a text is intended to produce in the audience.	177
14390209921	Motif	A reoccurring image within a work.	178
14390211071	Mock Epic	A long, humorous poem written in mock heroic style.	179
14390213457	Parable	Short story that often illustrates a moral or life lesson.	180
14390214568	Narrative	An anecdote or a story offered in support of a generalization, claim, or point. Also, a function in texts accomplished when the speaker or writer tells a story.	181
14390217293	Omniscient Narration	A narrative in which the reader or viewer has access to the unspoken thoughts of all the characters.	182
14390219471	Onomatopoeia	Words that create sounds.	183
14390220709	Parable	A usually short fictitious story that illustrates a moral attitude or a religious principle.	184
14390226075	Paradox	A statement that seems untrue on the surface but is true nevertheless.	185
14390230227	Paronomasia	To call with a slight change of name; a play on words.	186
14390232153	Pathos	The appeal of a text to the emotions or interests of the audience.	187
14390233744	Pathetic fallacy	Attributing human emotion or responses to nature, inanimate objects, or animals.	188
14390237733	Periphrasis	The substitution of an attributive word or phrase for a proper name, or the use of a proper name to suggest a personality characteristic.	189
14390247723	Persona	The character that a writer or speaker conveys to the audience; the plural is personae.	190
14390250678	Personification	The giving of human qualities to an animal, object, or idea.	191
14390252544	Persuasion	The changing of people's minds or actions by language.	192
14390256744	Petitio Principi	Begging of the question; disagreeing with premises or reasoning.	193
14390263607	Plot	Sequence of events in a story.	194
14390264621	Plot Devices	Elements of plot that operate to cause or resolve conflicts and to provide information.	195
14390266774	Poem	Louise Rosenblatt's term for the interpretive moment when reader and text connect.	196
14390267912	Polyptoton	Repetition of conjunctions in close repetition.	197
14390270855	Premise, major	The first premise in a syllogism. The major premise states an irrefutable generalization.	198
14390276303	Premise, minor	The second premise in a syllogism. The minor premise offers a particular instance of the generalization state in the major premise.	199
14390277074	Prosopopeia	The giving of human characteristics to inanimate objects.	200
14390278407	Pun	A play on words. Types of puns include antaclasis, words that sound alike but have different meanings; paranomasia, words alike in sound but different in meaning; and syllepsis, a word used differently in relation to two other words it governs or modifys.	201
14390284673	Purpose	The goal the speaker wants to achieve with the text. Also called aim and interior. In a dramatistic pentad created by a speaker or writer in order in invent material, the words the soeaker uses to describe the reason something happened or happens in a particular situation.	202
14396785511	Reader's Repertoire	The collection of predictions and revisions a person employs when reading a text.	203
14396789243	Recursive	Referring to the moving back and forth from invention to revision in the process of writing.	204
14396790974	Refutation	In ancient Roman oratory, the part of a speech in which the speaker would anticipate objections to the points being raised and counter them.	205
14396793768	Reliable Narrator	A believable and trustworthy commentator on events and characters in a story.	206
14396797011	Repetition	In a yext, repeated use of sounds, words, phrases, or clauses to emphasize meaning or achieve effect.	207
14396799184	Rhetor	The speaker who uses elements of rhetoric effectively in oral or written text.	208
14396807778	Rhetoric	The art of analyzing all the choices involving language that a writer, speaker, reader, or listener might make in a situation so that the text becomes meaningful, purposeful, and effective; the specific features of texts written or spoken, that cause them to be meaningful, purposeful, and effective for readers or listeners in a situation.	209
14396820931	Rhetorical Intention	Involvement and investment in and ownership of a piece of writing.	210
14396822234	Rhetorical Question	A question posed by the speaker or writer not to seek an answer but instead to affirm or deny a point simply by asking a question about it.	211
14396824098	Rhetorical Triangle	A diagram showing the relations of writer or speaker, reader or listener, and text in a rhetorical situation.	212
14396828386	Romance Language	A language that is derived from Latin.	213
14396828947	Round Character	A figure with complexity in action and personality.	214
14396831478	Sarcasm	The use of mockery or bitter irony.	215
14396833507	Slang	Informal language, often considered inappropriate for formal occasions and text.	216
14396835701	Soliloquoy	Dialogue in which a character speaks aloud to himself or herself.	217
14396837184	Speaker	The person delivering a speech, or the characters assumed to be speaking a poem.	218
14396838247	Static Character	A figure who remains the same from the beginning to the end of a narrative.	219
14396839361	Style	The choices that writers or speakers make in language for effect.	220
14396841019	Subject	One of the points on the Aristotelian or rhetorical triangle; the subject matter a writer or speaker is writing or speaking about.	221
14396844252	Subordinate Clause	A group of words that includes a subject and verb but that cannot stand on its own as a sentence; also called a dependent clause.	222