AP US History, Chapter 33 Flashcards

13150295925	London Economic Conference	A sixty-six nation economic conference organized to stabilize international currency rates. Franklin Roosevelt's decision to revoke American participation contributed to a world deepening economic crisis.	0
13150295926	Good Neighbor Policy	A departure from the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, the Good Neighbor Policy stressed nonintervention in Latin America. It was begun by Herbert Hoover but associated with Franklin D. Roosevelt.	1
13150295927	Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act	This Act reversed traditional high-protective-tariff policies by allowing the president to negotiate lower tariffs with trade partners, without senate approval, its chief architect was secretary of state Cordell Hull, who believed that tariff barriers choked off foreign trade.	2
13150295928	Rome-Berlin Axis	Nazi-Germany, under Adolf Hitler, and Fascist Italy, led by Benito Mussolini, allied themselves under this nefarious treaty. The pact was signed after both countries had intervened on behalf of the Fascist leader Francisco Franco during the Spanish Civil War.	3
13150295929	Johnson Debt Default Act	Steeped in ugly memories of World War I, this spiteful act prevented debt-ridden nations from borrowing further from the United States.	4
13150295930	Neutrality Act of 1935, 1936, and 1937	Short-sighted acts passed to prevent American participation in a European War. Among other restrictions, they prevented Americans from selling munitions to foreign belligerents.	5
13150295931	Abraham Lincoln Brigade	Idealistic American volunteers who served in the Spanish Civil War, defending Spanish republican forces from the fascist Francisco Franco's nationalist coup. Some three-thousand Americans served alongside volunteers from other countries.	6
13150295932	Quarantine Speech	An important speech delivered by Franklin Roosevelt in which he called for "positive endeavors" to "quarantine" land-hungry dictators through economic embargoes. The speech flew in the face of isolationist politicians.	7
13150295933	Appeasement	The policy followed by leaders of Britain and France at the 1938 conference in Munich. Their purpose was to avoid war, but they allowed Germany to take the Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia.	8
13150295934	Hitler-Stalin Pact	Treaty signed on August 23, 1939, in which Germany and the Soviet Union agreed not to fight each other. The fateful agreement paved the way for German aggression against Poland and the Western Democracies.	9
13150295935	Neutrality Act of 1939	This act stipulated that European democracies might buy American munitions, but only if they could pay for them in cash and transport them in their own ships, a policy known as "cash-and-carry." It represented an effort to avoid war debts and protect American arms-carriers from torpedo attacks.	10
13150295936	Kristallnacht	German for "night of broken glass," it refers to the murderous pogrom that destroyed Jewish businesses and synagogues and sent thousands to concentration camps on the night of November 9, 1938. Thousands more attempted to find refuge in the United States but were ultimately turned away due to restrictive immigration laws.	11
13150295937	War Refuge Board	A U.S. agency formed to help rescue Jews from German-occupied territories and to provide relief for inmates of Nazi concentration camps. The agency performed noble work, but it did not begin operations until very late in the war, after million had already been murdered.	12
13150295938	Lend-Lease Bill	Based on the motto "send guns, not sons," that law abandoned former pretenses of neutrality by allowing Americans to sell unlimited supplies of arms to any nation defending itself against the Axis Powers. Patriotically numbered 1776, the bill was praised as a device for keeping the nation out of World War II.	13
13150295939	Atlantic Charter	Meeting on a warship off the coast of Newfoundland in August 1941, Franklin Roosevelt and prime minister Winston Churchill signed this covenant outlining the future path for disarmament, peace, and the founding of the United Nations and raised awareness of the human rights of individuals after World War II.	14
13150295940	Pearl Harbor	An American naval base in Hawaii where Japanese war planes destroyed numerous ships and caused three thousand casualties on December 7, 1941 - a day that, in President Roosevelt's words, was to "live in infamy." the attack brought the United States into World War II.	15
13150295941	Benito Mussolini	This Fascist took power in Italy in 1922.	16
13150295942	Adolf Hitler	This man rose to power in Germany in 1933. He rose to power by discussing hatred toward the Allies over the Treaty of Versailles and talked about the unemployment that came with the depression. Germany had fallen behind, and they saw no other hope for escape from the Great Depression and from national disgrace. He withdrew from the League of Nations in 1933 and began illegally rearming Germany in 1936.	17
13150295943	Francisco Franco	This man started an uprising against Madrid, leading to the 1936-1939 Spanish Civil War.	18
13150295944	Cordell Hull	Secretary of State under Franklin Delano Roosevelt, in charge of diplomatic relations with Japan prior to the attack on Pearl Harbor. Negotiated pacts with 21 countries by the end of 1939. These pacts were essentially trade agreements that stated if the United States lowered its tariff, then the other country would do the same.	19
13150295945	Wendell L. Wilkie	A presidential election got in the way of focusing on WWII. The Republicans nominated this man, who up until recently was a political nobody. He wasn't against the New Deal, like the Republican platform suggested, but rather its inefficiencies. FDR broke tradition by running for a third term. This man ran a campaign similar to that of William Jennings Bryan, making over 500 speeches around the country. FDR ended up winning the election, shattering the two term tradition.	20