APES ap Flashcards

13858958167	parts of earth	crust, mantle, outer core, inner core	0
13858981899	types of boundaries	convergent, divergent, transform	1
13858999484	convergent boundary	two plates push torwards each other, one gets pushed into mantle	2
13859004663	divergent boundary	A plate boundary where two plates move away from each other and a space is created where hot mantle can fill creating new crust	3
13859012716	transform plate boundary	Boundary between two plates that are sliding past each other.	4
13859022247	Converging continent-continent	creates mountains	5
13859030026	converging continent-ocean / ocean-ocean	subduction. ocean gets pushed below and melts in mantle	6
13859055190	Volcanoes and Earthquakes	volcanoes - Occur at tectonic plate boundaries: divergent—spreading, rift valley new ocean floor is created w magma; convergent, subduction zones; hotspots, magma rises to surface through plates earthquake transform fault,—sliding (ex. San Andreas).	7
13859186029	logging	(n.) the cutting down of trees for commercial purposes, causes erosion	8
13859201413	atmosphere	(from closest to farthest) Troposphere Statosphere mesosphere thermosphere	9
13859228938	Troposphere	contains green house gasses (mostly H20 and CO2) absord sun radiation that reflects off earth. at end of troposhere is tropopause, buffer zone between stratosphere where temperature starts to get warmer not colder higher u get	10
13859259977	stratosphere	12 to 50 km, Ozone held here, absorbs UV radiation	11
13859290871	Mesosphere	meteors burn up	12
13859298895	thermosphere	The uppermost layer of the atmosphere, in which temperature increases as altitude increases, thinnest layer of gas, absorbs solar wind, makes radio waves possible,	13
13859401945	convection cell	A circular pattern of air rising, air sinking, and wind. causes storms, then warm air over ocean	14
13859426614	Hadley Cell	a system of vertical and horizontal air circulation , results in tropical conditions at equator and deserts at 30's	15
13859563536	El Nino	does opposite of what normally happens. normal trade winds are weakened which is known as southern oscillation. without winds water warm water doesnt go to pacific and stays, this causes warmer winters, less intense hurricane season. more rainfall. fishing declines.	16
13860449549	zones in water	littoral, shallowest, abundant sun for water. limnetic, depth to where sun can penetrate, organisms that live here use sunlight for photosynthesis profundal, too deep for sunlight benthic, deepest, low temps low oxygen	17
13860500225	zones for ocean water	coastal euphotic bathyal abyssal	18
13860587033	carbon cycle	respiration --> animals and plants breahte in oxygen and give of carbon dioxide photosynthesis --> plants take in carbon dioxide water, and enery from sun to produce carbohydrates. combustion --> when fossil fuels are burned carbon is released into atmosphere.	19
13860624190	nitrogen cycle	nitrogen fixation --> process that makes nitorgen biologically available nitrifcation --> soil bacteria converts amonia or ammonium into nitrites (NO2) then nitrates (NO3) that can be used by plants assimilation --> plants absorb ammonium and nitrate ions denitrification --> specialized bacteria denitrifies nitrates back into amonia	20
13860676802	phosphorous cycle	found in rocks, released when rocks are weathered, cycled thru nature	21
13860689246	ecosystems	decidous --> Connecticut, seasons rainforest grasslands --> nevada coniferous --> canada tundra --> north canda chaparral --> cali desert	22
13862055839	Hipco	habitat fragmentation invasives population pollution climate change overharvesting/ overexploitation	23
13864169505	Thermodynamics	energy cant be created or destoryed everything is going torwards chaos	24