AP ES Chapter 12 Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images [1]
| 8163814170 | Fossil fuel | a fuel derived from biological material that became fossilized millions of years ago | 0 | |
| 8163818991 | Nonrenewable energy resource | An energy source with a finite supply, primarily the fossil fuels and nuclear fuels | 1 | |
| 8163826459 | Nuclear fuel | Fuel derived from radioactive materials that give off energy | 2 | |
| 8163833147 | Commercial energy source | An energy source that is bought and sold | 3 | |
| 8163838142 | Subsistence energy source | An energy source gathered by individuals for their own immediate needs | 4 | |
| 8163881903 | Energy carrier | something that can move and deliver energy in a convenient, usable form to end users | 5 | |
| 8163899945 | Turbine | A device with blades that can be turned by water, wind, steam, or exhaust gas from combustion that turns a generator in an electricity-producing plant | 6 | |
| 8163915372 | Electrical grid | A network of interconnected transmissions lines that joins power plants together and links them with end users of electricity | 7 | |
| 8163975931 | Combined cycle | A power plant that uses both exhaust gases and steam turbines to generate electricity | 8 | |
| 8163975932 | Capacity | In reference to an electricity-generating plant, the maximum electrical output | 9 | |
| 8163975933 | Capacity factor | The fraction of time a power plant operates in a year | 10 | |
| 8163975934 | Cogeneration | The use of a fuel to generate electricity and produce heat. Also known as combined heat and power | 11 | |
| 8163979209 | Coal | A solid fuel formed primarily from the remains of trees, ferns, and other plant materials preserved 280 million to 360 million years ago | 12 | |
| 8164000544 | Petroleum | A fossil fuel that occurs in underground deposits, composed of a liquid mixture of hydrocarbons, water, and sulfur | 13 | |
| 8164007582 | Crude oil | Liquid petroleum removed from the ground | 14 | |
| 8164010182 | Oil sands | Slow-flowing, viscous deposits of bitumen mixed with sand, water, and clay | 15 | |
| 8164014985 | Bitumen | A degraded petroleum that forms when petroleum migrates to the surface of Earth and is modified by bacteria | 16 | |
| 8164022962 | CTL (coal to liquid) | The process of converting soil coal into liquid fuel | 17 | |
| 8164029164 | Energy intensity | The energy use per unit of gross domestic product | 18 | |
| 8164032932 | Hubbert curve | A bell-shaped curve representing oil use and projecting both when world oil production will reach a maximum and when the world will run out of oil |  | 19 |
| 8164045548 | Peak oil | The point at which half the total known oil supply is used up | 20 | |
| 8164048715 | Fission | A nuclear reaction in which a neutron strikes a relatively large atomic nucleus, which then splits into two or more parts, releasing additional neutrons and energy in the form of heat | 21 | |
| 8164063430 | Fuel rod | A cylindrical tube that encloses nuclear fuel within a nuclear reactor | 22 | |
| 8164067174 | Control rod | A cylindrical device inserted between the fuel rods in a nuclear reactor to absorb excess neutrons and slow or stop the fission reaction | 23 | |
| 8164075774 | Radioactive waste | Nuclear fuel that can no longer produce enough heat to be useful in a power plant but continues to emit radioactivity | 24 | |
| 8164082393 | Becquerel (Bq) | Unit that measures the rate at which a sample of radioactive material decays; 1 Bq = decay of 1 atom or nucleus per sec | 25 | |
| 8164091669 | Curie | A unit of measure for radiation; 1 curie = 37 billion decays per second | 26 | |
| 8164095944 | Nuclear fusion | A reaction that occurs when lighter nuclei are forced together to produce heavier nuclei | 27 | |
| 8169945084 | Patterns of Energy Use | Oil-32%, Renewable-13%, Nuclear fuel-5%, Coal/Peat-29%, Gas-21% | 28 | |
| 8170018182 | Types of Coal | Lignite, sub-Bituminous, Bituminous, Anthracite | 29 | |
| 8170244140 | Advantages of Coal | Energy-dense; Plentiful; Easy to exploit by surface mining; Needs little refining; Inexpensive; Easy to handle and transport | 30 | |
| 8170255098 | Disadvantages of Coal | Contains impurities; Releases impurities into air when burned; Trace metals like mercury, lead, and arsenic are found in coal; Combustion leads to increased levels air pollutants; Ash is left behind, leads to possible runoff; Carbon is released into the atmosphere | 31 | |
| 8201379763 | Types of energies | Coal; Oil and Natural Gas; Wind; Hydroelectric(Dams); Tidal; Solar; Geothermal; Biofuels; Tar sands; Nuclear(fission&fusion) | 32 | |
| 8242032042 | Nuclear energy | Adv: No air pollution, less oil; Disadv: Possibility of accidents, difficult to dispose of waste, concern about nuclear material being misused | 33 | |
| 8242090012 | Nuclear Fusion | A reaction when lighter nuclei are forced together to produce heavier nuclei. Powers the sun | 34 |