Population Flashcards
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| 12643773527 | demography; def | -the study of population from a general perspective | 0 | |
| 12643782214 | population density; def, assumes | -a measure of total population relative to land size -assumes an even distribution of pop. over the land | 1 | |
| 12643799699 | arithmetic population density; def, doesn't | -the total pop. divided by the total land area. -does not reflect empty/ sparse areas in the pop. | 2 | |
| 12643839207 | physiological population density; def | -the total pop. divided by the area of arable land | 3 | |
| 12643868197 | population distributions; def | -descriptions of locations on the earth's surface where individuals or groups live | 4 | |
| 12643910403 | dot maps; def | -maps where one dot represents a certain number of a phenomenon, such as a population. | 5 | |
| 12643919975 | historically, people tended to congregate | in places where they could grow food | 6 | |
| 12643945909 | 5 largest population clusters | east asia south asia europe north america southeast asia | 7 | |
| 12740801234 | east asia pop. cluster; incl, high | -includes china, korea, and japan -highest pop. density in large cities and along the yangtze and yellow rivers | 8 | |
| 12740820674 | south asia pop. cluster; incl, high | -includes india, pakistan, bangladesh, and sri lanka -highest pop. density in large cities, along the coasts, and along the ganges and indus rivers | 9 | |
| 12740846169 | europe pop. cluster; incl, high | -includes ireland and the uk all the way to russia -highest pop. density in cities and around europe's coal fields | 10 | |
| 12740886490 | north america pop. cluster; incl | -includes mainly the east coast states | 11 | |
| 12740903113 | southeast asia pop. cluster; incl | -includes indonesia, phillipines, and other islands | 12 | |
| 12643982995 | megapolis; def, ex | -a huge urban agglomeration ex: dc, baltimore, philly, nyc, and boston on the east coast | 13 | |
| 12644007928 | census; def, many, imp, hard | -the official count or survey of a population -many ppl don't participate -is important for federal gov funding and gov representation (house of reps) -harder for poor countries to conduct | 14 | |
| 12741006769 | paul ehrlich; wrote, warn | -wrote the population bomb -warned that the world's pop. was increasing too quickly and was outpacing food production | 15 | |
| 12644195674 | thomas malthus; pub, warn, claim, assum | -published an essay on the principles of population -warned that pop. was increasing faster than the food supplies needed to sustain it -claimed food supply grew linearly, while population grew exponentially -assumed food was confined spatially | 16 | |
| 12741030645 | 2 arguments that support malthus | -world population continues to grow today -there are already so many people suffering bc of hunger | 17 | |
| 12741054102 | 2 arguments that contradict malthus | -improved seed strains, gmos, hybrids, herbicides and other biotech have contributed to exponential growth of food production -demographers predict world pop. will stabilize around 2050 | 18 | |
| 12644226226 | neo malthusians; who, believe | -current scholars who share malthus' vies -believe rising population is an urgent issue that should be addressed ASAP | 19 | |
| 12741153416 | high growth rates correlate with... (1) | -low standing of women: where cultural traditions restrict educational and professional opportunities for women and men dominate as a matter of custom | 20 | |
| 12741176341 | low growth rates correlate with... (4) | -economic wealth and urbanization -education -equal opportunities for women -high availability of birth control | 21 | |
| 12644320279 | total fertility rate; def | -the average number of children born to a woman of childbearing age | 22 | |
| 12741227618 | replacement level; def | -the fertility rate necessary for a population to stabilize without immigration | 23 | |
| 12644335583 | aging index; def | -the number of people aged 65 years and older per 100 children aged 0 to 14 years | 24 | |
| 12741805417 | an aging population means... (1) | -younger workers have to pay more taxes to fund for pensions and other retirement services | 25 | |
| 12644373090 | doubling time; def, was | -the number of years it takes for an amount to double -was lowest during earlier 1900s, but is slowing down now | 26 | |
| 12644409496 | population explosion; def | -a sudden large increase in the size of a population | 27 | |
| 12644418742 | zero population growth; def | -when the birth rate roughly equals the death rate | 28 | |
| 12644456155 | natural increase; def | -the difference between the number of births and the number of deaths | 29 | |
| 12644460721 | crude birth rate; def, aka | -the total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people -aka natality rate | 30 | |
| 12644468883 | crude death rate; def | -the number of deaths per year per 1,000 people | 31 | |
| 12644481693 | demographic transition; def | -shift in population growth |  | 32 |
| 12644518850 | stationary population level; def, prob | -the level at which the world's population would stabilize -major problems to be faced would involve aged rather than young | 33 | |
| 12644533509 | population composition; def | -in a population, the number of men and women and their ages | 34 | |
| 12644553645 | population pyramid; def, help, shapes | -a bar graph representing the distribution of population by age and sex. -help analyze population projections, develop gov policies, show demographic momentum, and show dependency ratio -wealth countries are shaped like vases, while poor countries are shaped like christmas trees |  | 35 |
| 12657923794 | infant mortality rate; def, dep | -a figure that describes the number of babies that die within the first year of their lives -largely depends on the physical health of mothers | 36 | |
| 12660906643 | newborn death rate; def, cause | -a measurement of the number of children who die in the first month life out of every 1000 live births -caused by premature births, which are more common in wealthy countries than poorer ones | 37 | |
| 12657961442 | child mortality rate; def, dep | -a figure that describes the number of children that die between the first and fifth years of their lives -largely depends on nutritional deficiencies | 38 | |
| 12658011847 | life expectancy; def; can | -the number of years, on average, a person can expect to live -can be skewed by infant/child mortality rates | 39 | |
| 12658024120 | infectious diseases; def, ex | -diseases resulting from an invasion of parasites and their multiplication in the body -ex: malaria | 40 | |
| 12658112720 | chronic/degenerative diseases; def, ex | -maladies of longevity and old age -ex: heart disease | 41 | |
| 12658121419 | genetic/inherited diseases; def, ex | -diseases that can be traced to our ancestry -ex: sickle cell, hemophilia, lactose intolerance | 42 | |
| 12660926850 | endemic; def | -used to describe a disease when it prevails over a small area | 43 | |
| 12742230782 | epidemic; def | -regional outbreak of a disease | 44 | |
| 12742239942 | pandemic; def | -global outbreak of a disease | 45 | |
| 12658128507 | vectored infectious disease; def | -a disease transmitted by an intermediary vector (malaria-mosquito) | 46 | |
| 12658135887 | nonvectored infectious disease; def | -a disease transmitted through direct contact between host and victim | 47 | |
| 12658180843 | AIDS; stands 4, effects | -acquired immunodeficiency syndrome -weakens the body and reduces its capacity to combat other infections | 48 | |
| 12658213954 | expansive/ pronatalist population policies; def, ex | -government policies that encourage large families and raise the rate of natural increase -ex: tax incentives, longer maternity leaves | 49 | |
| 12658221866 | eugenic population policies; def, ex | -government policies designed to favor one racial or cultural sector of a population over others -ex: nazis, japan, discriminatory taxation | 50 | |
| 12658235212 | restrictive/ antinatalist population policies; def, ex | -government policies created to reduce the rate of natural increase -ex: one child policy | 51 | |
| 12658245080 | one child policy; def | -a program established by the chinese government in 1979 to slow population growth in | 52 | |
| 12644574282 | agricultural population density; def | -number of farmers per unit of arable land | 53 | |
| 12644583626 | overpopulation; def | -when there is a lack of resources necessary to meet the needs of a population in a defined area | 54 | |
| 12644595862 | underpopulation; def | -when there are more resources than necessary to meet the needs of a population in a defined area | 55 | |
| 12644605779 | carrying capacity; def, over | -the ability of a land to sustain a certain number of people -overpop. occurs when capacity is reached and exceeded | 56 | |
| 12644628116 | five distinct characteristics of areas in which ppl cannot live | too hot too cold too hilly too wet too dry | 57 | |
| 12644631734 | ecumene; def | -inhabited land occupied for economical and agricultural purposes | 58 | |
| 12644675620 | dtm stage 1; five things | -pre industrial -high CBR, high CDR -high human suffering from things like plague or famine -common in hunting and gathering societies -no nations are at this stage, but some indigenous pops. are | 59 | |
| 12644722886 | dtm stage 2; five things | -transitional -CDR plummets, rate of NI inc -pop. is said to have demographic momentum bc of the plentiful young pop. that will reproduce and increase the total pop. -s2 can be entered bc of agricultural revolutions, intro to sanitation, advances in medicine, food improvements, colonization, or immigration -includes most african countries | 60 | |
| 12644794632 | dtm stage 3; three things | -transitional -dec CBR, low CDR, steady pop. growth -s3 can be entered bc of movement into cities, wealth, edu, urbanization, mass production, abortion/ birth control, expense of kids | 61 | |
| 12644825690 | dtm stage 4; three things | -industrial -low CBR, low CDR, little pop. growth, almost 0 pop. -s4 can be entered bc of women becoming more educated and involved in the workforce | 62 | |
| 12644851112 | dtm stage 5; six things | -debatable -v low CBR, low CDR, negative pop. growth -more gov policies for more kids -loosening policies on immigration -focus on technology -includes Japan | 63 | |
| 12658430485 | s curve; def | -line that represents the rate of natural increase | 64 | |
| 12658379087 | dependency ratio; def | -the number of people under age 15 and over age 64 compared to the number of people who are of working age | 65 | |
| 12742621647 | epidemiological transition model; def | -describes distinctive causes of death (usually disease) associated with each stage of the demographic transition | 66 |