Ecology and Biosphere Flashcards

13592429867	Ecology:	scientific study of the interactions between organisms and the environment	0
13592438679	what are the 2 main areas of study in ecology	distribution of organisms and abundance of organisms	1
13592447635	population:	group of individuals of the same species living in an area	2
13592450495	community	group of populations of different species in an area	3
13592454533	ecosystem:	community of organisms in an area and the physical factors from which they interact	4
13592476729	landscape:	a mosaic of connected ecosystems	5
13592489292	biosphere	the global ecosystem, the sum of all the planets ecosystems	6
13592503515	the interactions between organisms and the environment occur at various ___	scales	7
13592508239	organismal ecology	studies how an organisms structure and behavior meet environmental challenges	8
13592545524	population ecology	focuses on factors affecting population size and diversity	9
13592550849	community ecology	deals with species interactions in a community	10
13592570658	ecosystem ecology:	emphasizes energy flow and chemical cycling among the biotic and abiotic companants	11
13592576698	landscape ecology	deals with adjacent ecosystems and how they are arranged in a geographic region	12
13592625308	global ecology	examines the influence of energy and materials on organisms across the biosphere	13
13592708390	what constitutes an areas climate?	long-term prevailing weather conditions	14
13592752207	4 major componants of climate	temperature precipitation sunlight wind	15
13592755167	macroclimate:	patters on the global, landscape, and regional level	16
13592760826	microclimate:	very fine patters (like those encountered by the community of organisms underneath a fallen log)	17
13592781153	what are global climate patterns determined by	input of solar energy and earths movement in space	18
13592831400	latitudinal variation:	angle of the sun	19
13592831401	seasonal variation	the tilt of the earth	20
13592845075	what drives air circulation and precipitation patterns	high solar radiation near equator	21
13592972903	describe the climate of bodies of water	they have a moderate climate because of waters high specific heat	22
13592991727	labrador current	a cold ocean current flowing down from the north	23
13592994993	gulf stream	A warm ocean current that flows from the Gulf of Mexico northward through the Atlantic Ocean	24
13593207257	How do mountains affect climate?	By affecting airflow; air moving toward mountains rises, cools and releases moisture as a rain shadow.	25
13593215424	Where does seasonality occur	away from equator	26
13593425545	features of microclimate affect...	shade, evaporation, or wind pattern	27
13593431876	Biomes:	earths major ecosystem types	28
13593435169	2 biomes on earth	terrestrial biomes aquatic biomes	29
13593495693	what are terrestrial biomes characterized by	predominant vegetation	30
13593500059	what are aquatic biomes characterized by	physical environment	31
13602691626	what has a strong influence on distribution of plant species	climate	32
13602695841	climograph	A plot of the temperature and precipitation in a particular region that shows the impact of climate	33
13602742591	What results in different biomes	a particular combination of temperature and precipitation	34
13602781276	terrestrial biomes are often named for ___	predominant vegetation	35
13602865229	what organisms characterize terrestrial biomes?	communities of microorganisms, fungi, animals, and plants that adapted to the environment	36
13602877031	area of integration between 2 biomes:	ecotone	37
13602885708	vertical layering:	Layers of a biome - such as an upper canopy, low-tree layer, shrub understory, ground layer of herbaceous plants, forest floor, and root layer in a forest.	38
13602891655	what does vertical layering provide?	multiple habitats for animals	39
13602897364	What causes change in biomes?	disturbances like fire, flooding, or human activity	40
13602908502	8 types of terrestrial biomes	Tropical Forests Deserts Savannas Chaparrals Temperate grasslands Northern coniferous forest Temperate broadleaf forest Tundra	41
13602932013	equatorial:	near the equator, constant temperature	42
13602983055	location of tropical forests	near equator with consistant temp	43
13603006596	2 types of tropical forests	rain forest and dry forest	44
13603010135	vegetation and animals of tropical forests:	tons of vegetation, immense layered animals	45
13603012543	location of deserts	30º latitude	46
13603023854	weather of deserts	little precipitation	47
13603027116	vegetation and animals of deserts	vegetation: low scattered plants with drought tolerance animals: water conservation adaptations	48
13603040301	convergant evolution	when two structures have similar functions but different evolutionary origins	49
13603047096	location of savannas	equitorial	50
13603047097	weather of savannas	warm temp, seasonal rain	51
13603050094	vegetation and animals of savannas	vegetation: scattered trees, grasses animals: migratory animals due to seasonal droughts	52
13603070644	location of chaparrals	midlatitude coasts	53
13603076734	weather of chaparrals	dry summers	54
13603079452	vegetation of chaparrals:	shrubs, small trees, grasses	55
13603083791	temperate grasslands location	midlatitude	56
13603091167	weather of temperate grasslands	wet summers	57
13603180754	vegetation and animals of temperate grasslands	vegetation: grasses and forbs animals: large grazers like bison and burrowers like prairie dogs	58
13603197398	location of northern coniferous forests (taiga)	northern latitudes	59
13603207906	weather of northern coniferous forests	cold winters, hot summers, variable rain	60
13603259778	vegetation of northern coniferous forest	conifers dominant	61
13603279761	temperate broadleaf forest location	midlatitude northern hemisphere	62
13603304384	temperature of temperature broadleaf forest	cold winters, hot summers, average rain	63
13603312112	vegetation of temperate broadleaf forests	broadleaf trees and herb layer	64
13603346259	location of tundra	arctic	65
13603351590	weather of tundra	high winds, low temps	66
13603359742	vegetation and animals of tundra	vegetation: mosses, grasses, forbs in permafrost animals: caribou, migratory birds, wolves	67
13603384459	what are aquatic environments mainly characterized by?	physical and chemical environment	68
13603392467	2 zones of light penetration in water	photic and aphotic	69
13603587643	Open water is called: Bottom water is called:	open: pelagic bottom: benthic	70
13603592743	what is bottom water called in marine water	abyssal	71
13603656148	distance from shore and water depth in lake:	littoral vs limnetic	72
13603685619	distance from shore and water depth in oceans	intertidal, neritic, oceanic	73
13603730031	aquatic zonation	Different levels in the water	74
13603735690	Does temperature vary in oceans over time?	yes it varies throughout summer and winter	75
13603805636	temperatures of layers in water	upper warmed by sun, thermocline middle layer of abrupt temperature changes, and lower layer remains cold	76
13603818996	middle layer of water is called:	thermocline	77
13603825819	turnover:	mixing of layers of water that occurs in the spring and fall	78
13603887565	estuaries:	transition area between river and sea	79
13603890783	intertidal zone:	periodically submerged and exposed by the tides	80
13603893707	oceanic pelagic:	open blue water, constantly mixed by wind-driven oceanic currents	81
13603899231	coral reefs:	shallow water off the coast of tropical islands	82
13603915417	what symbiotic relationship occurs in coral reefs	mutualism between animal corals and algae	83
13603919398	marine benthic zone:	Seafloor, cold, dark, high pressure	84