World Civilizations, The Global Experience AP, Chapter 19 Flashcards

8413865629	How was the commercial experience of the Portuguese extended to the Americas?	The Portuguese experience in Africa and their involvement in slave trading was extended to the Americas	0
8413865630	The grants of Indians to individual Spaniards as a labor system were called	Encomiendas	1
8413865631	How did the Caribbean cities differ from those of Europe	American cities were laid out in a grid plan	2
8413865632	What are some of the advantages that the Spanish had over the Indians	Epidemic disease weakened the Indians, use of firearms and steel weapons, rivalries and use of horses	3
8413865633	What accounted for the majority of the population loss suffered by Native Americans after the European arrival?	Epidemic diseases	4
8413865634	The tremendous decline of the Indian population in Mexico was matched by the rapid increase in what Colombian exchange item	European livestock	5
8413865635	Why were the encomiendas discontinued by the 1620s	The Spanish crown did not want to see the growth of a new nobility and the decline of the Indian population made them less attractive	6
8413865636	How would you describe the nature of the economy in Spanish America	Many engaged in agriculture, but the Spanish commercial system was organized around the mining economy	7
8413865637	Why was the discovery of mercury in Peru critical to the colonial economy	Mercury was indispensable to the extraction of silver from ore-bearing rock.	8
8413865638	In what way did the importation of American bullion negatively affect the Spanish economy	The arrival of American treasure contributed to a sharp rise in prices and a general inflation	9
8413865639	The Treaty of Tordesillas of 1494 divided the world into spheres of influence belonging to what two nations	Portugal and Spain	10
8413865640	What was introduced by the Catholic church within the Americas?	Universities, baroque churches, establishing missions and monasteries	11
8413865641	What was the major difference between the Spanish and Portuguese empires (location of colonies)	Unlike the Spanish empire that was almost exclusively America, the Portuguese empire included colonies and outposts in Asia and Africa as well as Brazil	12
8413865642	What conditions undercut the position of the Brazilian sugar plantation economy?	Competition from English, French and Dutch plantation colonies in the Caribbean led to rising prices for slaves and falling prices for sugar	13
8413865643	What was the negative impact of the discover of gold on Portugal?	Portugal failed to develop internal industries because the supply of gold allowed the Portuguese to purchase manufactured goods from other European countries	14
8413865644	What was the impact of the 18th century reforms on slavery in Brazil	Brazil remained as profoundly based on slavery in the late 18th century as it had ever been	15