Chapter 18 Ap World Civilization Flashcards

12372391034	Ivan III (The Great)	Also known as Ivan the Great; prince of Duchy of Moscow; claimed descent from Rurik; responsible for freeing Russia from Mongols after 1462; took title of tsar or Caesar - equivalent of emperor.	0
12372427456	Third Rome	Russian claim to be successor state to Roman and Byzantine empires; based in part on continuity of Orthodox church in Russia following fall of Constantinople in 1453.	1
12372453706	Ivan IV (the Terrible)	Also known as Ivan the Terrible; confirmed power of tsarist autocracy by attacking authority of boyars (aristocrats); continued policy of Russian expansion; established contacts with western European commerce and culture.	2
12372562444	Time of Troubles	followed death of Ivan IV without heir early in 17th century; boyars attempted to use vacuum of power to reestablish their authority; ended with selection of Michael Romanov as tsar in 1613.	3
12372582744	Romonov Dynasty	Dynasty elected in 1613 at end of Time Of Troubles; Ruled Russia until 1917	4
12372643382	Alexis Romanov	Second Romanov tsar (1645-1676); abolished assemblies of nobles; gained new powers over Russian Orthodox church.	5
12372703498	Old Believers	Russians who refused to accept the ecclesiastical reforms of Alexis Romanov (17th century); many exiled to Siberia or southern Russia, where they became part of Russian colonization.	6
12372717351	Peter I (the Great)	Also known as Peter the Great; son of Alexis Romanov; ruled from 1689 to 1725; continued growth of absolutism and conquest; included more definite interest in changing selected aspects of economy and culture through imitation of western European models.	7
12372728887	St. Petersburg	capital city and major port that Peter the Great established in 1703	8
12372746155	Catherine the Great	German-born Russian tsarina in the 18th century; ruled after assassination of her husband; gave appearance of enlightened rule; accepted Western cultural influence; maintained nobility as service aristocracy by granting them new power over peasantry.	9
12372759214	Partition of Poland	Division of Polish territory among Russia, Prussia, and Austria in 1772, 1793, and 1795; eliminated Poland as independent state; part of expansion of Russian influence in eastern Europe.	10
12372780355	Pugachev Rebellion	During 1770's in reign of Catherine the Great; led by cossack Emelian Pugachev, who claimed to be legitimate tsar; eventually crushed; typical of peasant unrest during the 18th century and thereafter	11
12372792947	Westernization	An adoption of the social, political, or economic institutions of Western—especially European or American—countries.	12