Pearson Chemistry Chapter 7 Flashcards

11836748158	valence electrons	the electrons in the highest occupied energy level of an element's atom	0
11836748159	valence electrons	the number of these largely determines that chemical properties of an element	1
11836748160	electron dot structures	also called the Lewis Dot Structure; they are diagrams that show valence electrons in the atoms of an element as dots	2
11836748161	octet rule	it states that in forming compounds, atoms tend to achieve the electron configuration of a noble gas	3
11836748162	halide ions	the ions produced when atoms of chlorine and other halogens gain electrons	4
11836748163	halogen atoms	the all have 7 valence electronS	5
11836748164	ionic compound	they are electrically neutral and composed of cations and anions	6
11836748165	ionic bonds	the electrostatic forces that hold ions together in ionic compounds	7
11836748166	electrostatic force	anions and cations have opposite charges and attract eachother by the means of _______________	8
11836748167	chemical formula	it shows the numbers of atoms of each element in the smallest representative unit of a substance	9
11836748168	formula unit	the lowest whole-muber ration of ions in an ionic compound	10
11836748169	coordination number	the number of ions of oppoiste charge that surround the ion in a crystal	11
11836748170	ionic compounds	they can conduct an electric current when melted or dissolved in water	12
11836748171	ionic compunds	generally have high melting points and are crystalline at room temperature	13
11836748172	metallic bonds	the forces of attraction between the free-floating valence electrons and positively charged metal ions	14
11836748173	valence electrons	they are usually the only electrons involved in chemical bonds	15
11836748174	noble gases	these are non reactive in chemical reactions	16
11836748175	metal	atoms of ________ tend to lose their electrons	17
11836748176	nonmetal	atoms of __________ tend to gain electrons or share with another nonmetal to get to the octet	18
11836748177	cations	formed when an atom loses one or more valence electrons and becomes a positively charged ion	19
11836748178	anions	they are formed when an atom gains electrons to become negatively charged ions	20
11836748179	gain	it is easier to _____ electrons than to lose them	21
11836748180	neutral	ionic compounds are electrically ___________	22
11836748181	chemical formulas	chemists represent the composition of substances by writing _________ __________	23
11836748182	crystal	when a ionic compound is melted and dissolved in water, the ________ structure breaks down	24
11836748183	cations, anions	when a crystal structure is broken down, __________ migrate freely to one electrode and _______ migrate to the other	25
11836748184	freely	when dissovled in water, ions of ionic ompounds can move __________ around the solution	26
11836748185	properties of metal	ductile, malleable, conduct electric current well, crystalline structure, high melting points	27
11836748186	crystalline structures	body-centered cubic, face-centered cubic, hexagonal close packed	28
11836748187	alloys	they are mixtures of two or more elements, at least one being a metal; ex: copper and zinc	29
11836748188	alloys	they are important becasue their properties are often superior to those of their compound elements	30
11836748189	steel	the most important alloy today	31
11836748190	steel	have corrosion resistance, ductility, hardnerr, and toughness	32
11836748191	True	True or False? The group of a representative element in the periodic table is related to the number of valence electrons it has.	33
11836748192	lose, gaining, sharing	Metallic atoms tend to _______ valence electrons to produce a positively charged ion. Most nonmetallic atoms achieve a complete octet by ____________ or __________ electrons.	34
11836748193	pseudo noble-gas configuration	the electron configuration that has 18 electrons in the outer energy and all of the orbitals filled	35
11836748194	1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6, 3d10, 4s2	Write the electron configuration for zinc.	36
11836748195	anions	Atoms of most nonmetallic elements achieve noble-gas electron configuration by gaining electrons to become __________.	37
11836748196	They have relatively full valence shells.	What property of nonmetallic elements makes them more likely to gain electrons than lose electrons?	38
11836748197	False, they gain one.	True or False? Elements of the halogen family lose one electron to become halide ions.	39
11836748198	3, 2, 2, 1	How many electrons will each element gain in forming an ion? a. nitrogen b. oxygen c. sulfur d. bromine	40
11836748199	cations, anions, neutral	In an ionic compound, the charges of the __________ and __________ must balance to produce an electrically ___________ substance.	41
11836748200	Each beryllium atom gives up 2 e-, but each fluorine atom only accepts 1 e-. Therefore, 2 fluorine atoms are needed to react with each beryllium atom.	Why do beryllium and fluorine combine in a 1:2 ratio?	42
11836748201	2 atoms of iron, 3 atoms of oxygen	List the number and types of atoms represented by Fe2, O3	43
11836748202	1 atom of potassium, 1 atom of manganese, 4 atoms of oxygen	List the number and types of atoms represented by KMnO4	44
11836748203	There must be twice as many Cl ions (Cl-) to balance the magnesium ions (Mg2+) to form an electrically neutral compound.	Explain why the ratio of magnesium ions to chloride ions in MgCl2 is 1:2.	45
11836748204	Exist as collections of cations and anions arranged in repeating three-dimensional patterns	Describe the structure of ionic compounds.	46
11836748205	crystalline solids	Most ionic compounds are this at room temperature.	47
11836748206	False	True or false? Ionic compounds generally have low melting points.	48
11836748207	6	What is the coordination number of the ions in a crystal of NaCl?	49
11836748208	Electrically neutral	What is the electrical charge of an ionic compound?	50
11836748209	Most ionic compounds are crystalline solids at room temperature, they generally have high melting points, and they can conduct an electric current when melted or dissolved in water.	What are three properties of ionic compounds?	51
11836748210	Electrons can flow freely in the metal.	Why are metals good conductors?	52
11836748211	The sea of electrons enables the cations to move past each other when pressure is applied.	Why are metals ductile?	53
11836748212	The sea of electrons enables the cations to be pushed closer together when hit.	Why are metals malleable.	54
11836748213	True	true or false? Metals are made up of cations and valence electrons, not neutral atoms	55
11836748214	electrical conductivity, ductility, malleability	Name three properties of metals that can be explained by metallic bonding	56
11836748215	The force tends to push ions of like charge into contact. They repel each other, and the crystal shatters.	What happens to an ionic crystal when a force is applied to it?	57
11836748216	compact, orderly	Metal atoms in crystals are arranged into very ___________ and_______ patterns.	58
11836748217	body-centered cubic	8 neighbors	59
11836748218	hexagonal close packed	12 neighbors	60
11836748219	face centered cubic	12 neighbors	61
11836748220	copper and aluminum	Chose each metal whose atoms form a face-centered cubic pattern. -magnesium, copper, sodium, aluminum	62
11836748221	False	true or false? Pure metals are usually harder and more durable than alloys.	63
11836748222	coins	The most common use of nonferrous alloys is in...	64
11836748223	corrosion resistance, ductility, hardness, toughness	What four properties make steel an important alloy?	65
11836748224	silver and copper	What are the component elements for sterling silver?	66
11836748225	copper and zinc	What are the component elements for brass?	67
11836748226	iron, chromium, nickel, and carbon	What are the component elements for stainless steel?	68
11836748227	iron and carbon	What are the component elements for cast iron?	69
11836748228	Interstitial alloys	have smaller atoms that fit into the spaces between larger atoms	70
11836748229	Substitutional alloys	have component atoms that are roughly equal in size	71