AP physics formula review Flashcards

13665801136	Equivalent capacitance (series)	Ceq=(C₁⁻¹+C₂⁻¹+C₃⁻¹)⁻¹	0
13665801137	Equivalent capacitance (parallel)	Ceq= C₁+C₂+C₃	1
13665801138	Total charge for capacitors in parallel	Qtotal = Q₁ + Q₂ + Q₃	2
13665801139	Magnification of an image (2 eq)	m=Hi/H₀ = -Di/D₀	3
13665801140	mass-energy equivalence	E = mc²	4
13665801141	Momentum of a photon (3 eq)	P= E/c = hf/c = h/λ	5
13665801142	Work Function	Φ=hf₀	6
13665801143	Photoelectric effect (including stopping potential)	Ephoton=Φ+qv	7
13665801144	Photoelectric effect (including Kmax)	Ephoton=Φ+Kmax	8
13665801145	Energy of a photon (2 eq)	E = hf = hc/λ	9
13665801146	Emf of moving bar in a magnetic field	ε=BlV	10
13665801147	Faraday's Law of Induction	E = -∆Φ/∆t	11
13665801148	Magnetic Flux	Φ = NBA = NBAcosθ	12
13665801149	Thin Lens equation	1/ƒ = 1/do + 1/di	13
13665801150	Snell's Law	n₁sinθ₁=n₂sinθ₂	14
13665801151	index of refraction	n = c/v	15
13665801152	Critical angle	sinθc=n₂/n₁	16
13665801153	Thin membrane interference	2nt = ___λ	17
13665801154	Total Resistance (series)	Rt= R₁+R₂+R₃	18
13665801155	Total resistance (parallel)	Rt=(R₁⁻¹+ R₂⁻¹ +R₃⁻¹)	19
13665801156	Charge including time	Q=IT	20
13665801157	Resistance in a wire of length L and area A	Rwire=ρL/A	21
13665801158	Pressure exerted on an area A	P=F/A	22
13665801159	Absolute Pressure	P = Patm + ρgh	23
13665801160	guage pressure	Pguage=ρgh	24
13665801161	Volume Flow Rate	A₁V₁=A₂V₂	25
13665801162	Buoyant Force	Fb=ρvg	26
13665801163	Density	ρ=m/v	27
13665801164	Bernoulli's Equation	P₁+ρgh+1/2ρv²=P₂+ρgh+1/2ρv²	28
13665801165	Force on a charge(q) moving parallel to a magnetic field	0N	29
13665801166	Force on a current carrying wire oriented ⊥ to a magnetic field	F=BIL	30
13665801167	Force between two parallel current carrying wires	F=(µ₀I₁I₂L)/(2πr)	31
13665801168	Limits of Human Sight	750nm-400nm	32
13665801169	The wave equation	v=ƒλ	33
13665801170	Magnetic Field a distance r from a current carrying wire	Bwire=(µ₀I)/(2πr)	34
13665801171	New wavelength	λ₂=n₁λ₁/n₂	35
13665801172	Capacitance if area of plates is known	C = kε₀A/d	36
13665801173	Electric potential around q	V=KQ/r	37
13665801174	Force on a charge in an electric field	F=qE	38
13665801175	Coulomb's Law	Fe=k\|q¹q²\|/r²	39
13665801176	Charge on a capacitor	Q=CV	40
13665801177	Energy stored in a capacitor (3 eq)	Ucap= 1/2CV² = 1/2QV = 1/2 (Q²/C)	41
13665801178	Formula definition of Work	W = F ⋅ d	42
13665801179	electric potential energy	Ue = qV	43
13665801180	Electric field a distance from a charge	E=k\|Q\|/r²	44
13665801181	Ohm's Law	V=IR	45
13665801182	Total charge for capacitors in series	Qt = Q1 = Q2 = Q3 etc...	46
13665801183	Terminal voltage if Rext is known	Vab=IRext	47
13665801184	Terminal voltage if EMF is known	V=ε-Irint	48
13665801185	Voltage across the plates of a capacitor	V=ED	49
13665801186	Electric Energy (3 eq)	E = VIT = I²R = (V²/R)t	50
13665801187	Electric Power (3 eq)	P= IV = I²R = V²/R	51
13665801188	Force on a charge moving perpendicularly through a magnetic field	F= qvB	52
13665801189	Work to move a point charge a distance away from another charge	W=k(qQ)/r	53
13665801190	Change in heat during an isovolumetric process	Q = nCv∆T	54
13665801191	Frequency of a spring mass	ƒ=1/(2π√m/k)	55
13665801192	Period of a pendulum	T(p) = 2∏√(ℓ/g)	56
13665801193	Frictional Force	Ff = Fn µ	57
13665801194	Frictional Force on an incline	Ff = mgcosθµ	58
13665801195	Acceleration	a=∆v/∆t	59
13665801196	Average Speed	S=∆d/∆t	60
13665801197	Velocity	v=∆x/∆t	61
13665801198	Average Velocity of a molecule of gas	V = √((3kT) / m)	62
13665801199	Change in internal energy during a cyclic process	∆U=0J	63
13665801200	first law of thermodynamics	∆U = ∆Q + ∆W	64
13665801201	Acceleration of a mass sliding UP an incline, with friction	a=gsinθ+gcosθµ	65
13665801202	Acceleration of a mass sliding DOWN an incline, with friction	a=gcosθµ-gsinθ	66
13665801203	Heat required to raise the temp of a substance	∆Q=mc∆T	67
13665801204	Heat required to vaporize a substance	∆Q=MLv	68
13665801205	Heat required to melt a substance	∆Q=MLf	69
13665801206	Forgotten power equation	P=FV	70
13665801207	Energy of a spring-mass when spring is neither at maximum displacement, nor at the equilibrium point	1/2KA²=1/2Kx²+1/2mv²	71
13665801208	Ideal Efficiency	(Th - Tl) / Th	72
13665801209	Newton's Second Law of Motion	∑F = ma	73
13665801210	Torque	T = rFsinθ	74
13665801211	Ideal gas law (2 eq)	PV=nRT, PV=nKT	75
13665801212	Boyle's Law	P₁V₁=P₂V₂	76
13665801213	Heat of an isobaric process	∆Q = nCp∆T	77
13665801214	Work (thermodynamics)	W= -PΔV	78
13665801215	Internal energy of an ideal gas	U=3/2nRT	79
13665801216	Actual efficiency	εactual = \|Wnet\|/Qin	80
13665801217	kinetic energy	KE = ½mv²	81
13665801218	gravitational potential energy	Fg=mgh	82
13665801219	Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation	Fg = G (m1m2)/r²	83
13665801220	centripetal acceleration	ac = v²/r	84
13665801221	acceleration due to gravity at the surface of a planet mass M and diameter d	g=G(M/(d/s)²)	85
13665801222	Momentum	P=mv	86
13665801223	Impulse (2 eq.)	J= Ft = mv-mv₀	87
13665801224	Weight	W=mg	88
13665801225	First Kinematic	V=V₀+at	89
13665801226	Second Kinematic	Δx = V₀t + ½at²	90
13665801227	Third Kinematic	V² = V₀² + 2aΔx	91
13665801228	Beat frequency	f(beat) = \|f₁-f₂\|	92
13665801229	Length of a string producing the fundamental frequency	L=v/2ƒ	93
13665801230	Natural frequency of a closed tube of length l	ƒ=v/(4l)	94
13665801231	Wavelength in an open tube	λ=2L	95
13665801232	Frequency of a pendulum	f = 1/2π√g/l	96
13665801233	Velocity of waves on a string if tension is known	V = √(T/(m/l))	97
13665801234	Period of a spring-mass	T = 2π√(m/k)	98
13665801235	Charles' Law	V₁/T₁=V₂/T₂	99
13665801236	Gay-Lussac's Law	P₁/T₁=P₂/T₂	100
13665801237	Work done during an isovolumetric process	∆W=0J	101
13665801238	Change in internal energy during an isothermal process	∆U=0J	102
13665801239	Spring Potential Energy	Us = ½kx²	103
13665801240	Heat due to friction on an incline	Q = mgcosθµd	104
13665801241	Heat due to friction on a level surface	Q = Fnµd	105
13665801242	Speed	S=d/t	106
13665801243	First Angular Kinematic	ω = ω₀ + αt	107
13665801244	Second Angular Kinematic	∆θ = ω₀t + ½αt²	108
13665801245	Third angular kinematic	ω² = ω₀² + 2α∆θ	109
13665801246	Centripetal acceleration with linear quantities and angular quantities	ac=v²/r & ac=w²r	110
13665801247	Moment of Inertia of a point	I=mr²	111
13665801248	Center of mass	x = (m₁x₁ + m₂x₂ + m₃x₃ + ...) /(m₁ + m₂ + m₃ + ...)	112
13665801249	Centripetal acceleration in radians of the second hand of a clock	ac= 4π²r/60sec	113
13665801250	Rotational Kinetic Energy	Krot = ½Iω²	114
13665801251	Net torque	Στ=Iα	115
13665801252	Angular momentum for a 3-D object rotating	L=Iw	116
13665801253	position as a function of time using angular quantities	w=θ/t	117
13665801254	conservation of angular momentum when a ball strikes the bar and causes rotation	I= (mr²+1/3mL²)w	118
13665801255	Energy of a spring mass	Us=½KA²	119
13665801256	Height of block in terms of theta and L	∆y=L - Lcosθ	120
13665801257	Units of power (not watts)	Watt = J/sec	121
13665801258	Units of Current (not Amps)	Amp=c/sec	122
13665801259	Three formulae for power	P = FV = E/t = VI	123
13665801260	Combined Gas Law	P₁V₁÷T₁ = P₂V₂÷T₂	124
13665801261	Limits of human hearing	20-20111Hz	125
13665801262	Diameter of a hydrogen atom	1E-10m	126
13665801263	Units of electric field (2)	V/m(capacitor) & N/C (point charge)	127
13665801264	Units of momentum	kg m/s	128
13665801265	Units of energy	Joule or eV	129
13665801266	Units of the spring constant k	N/m	130
13665801267	R.A. Millikan	elemental charge (e) - oil drop experiment	131
13665801268	Thomas Young	Light is a wave - Double Slit	132
13665801269	Davisson and Germer	electrons are waves	133
13665801270	JJ Thompson	q/m ratio for electron - Cathode Ray Tubes	134
13665801271	Ernest Rutherford	Nucleus is small & ⊕ - gold foil	135
13665801272	Niels Bohr	quantized energy levels which explained bright line spectra	136