AP US History Chapter 4 Flashcards
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| 8621071048 | Salutary Neglect | -after Glorious Revolution, GB didnt make serious efforts to tighten control of colonies -NJ, Carolinas, Georgia still royal colonies -passed laws to supplement Navigation Acts (no currency allowed, colonial manufacturers, regulated trade) -Kings George I and II German, not used to British gov't -prime minister and cabinet rly ruled country, less inclined to control colonies -Prime minister Robert Walpole refused to strictly enforce Navigation Acts -no colonial office in London, Privy Council control but had no idea what was going on in colonies -royal officials in America were corrupt, incompetent | 0 | |
| 8621071049 | Colonies Divided | -colonists still considered themselves loyal English subjects -connections between colonies; inter colonial trade, postal service spread to more colonies -but colonists became reluctant to cooperate during French and Indian War | 1 | |
| 8621071050 | Albany Plan | -1754 conference of colonial leaders met in Albany to negotiate treaty w/ Iroquois -join or die -delegates discussed forming a colonial federation for defense against the Indians -Ben Franklin proposed on colonial gov't; everyone else wanted individual constitutions -plan rejected | 2 | |
| 8621071051 | French and Indian War | -1750's-1760's -small part of 7 years war -cemented Britain as world's great trading, naval, and North American power -1750's upset uneasy balance of power | 3 | |
| 8621071052 | New France and Iroquois Nation | -1750s religious and commercial tension between Britain and France Because... -Expanding French presence in America under Louis XIV (fur and Mississippi), founded string of communities, fortresses, missions, trading posts, New Orleans -Fort Louisburg-SEIGNEURIES would be feudal lords along St. Lawrence River -shared interior with Natives ('middle ground") -English and French both tried to Allie with natives (English-goods, French-tolerance and integration) -Iroquois Confederation (Mohawk, Seneca, Cayuga, Onondaga, Oneida) -Ohio River Valley | 4 | |
| 8621071053 | Anglo-French Conflict | -tensions were manageable until William III takes throne -succeeded by Queen Anne; continued struggle against France and ally Spain, spurred wars in Europe -Anglo French wars impacted colonies: King William's War (England), Queen Anne's War (border fighting with Spaniards and French), King George's War -Erupted into huge European War -afterwards-relations between English, French, Iroquois gone -1754 gov of VA sent militia under GWash into Ohio Valley to challenge French expansion | 5 | |
| 8621071054 | Queen Anne's War | -1701-1713 -border fighting with Spaniards in the South and French/Indians in North -ended Treaty of Utrecht, gave a lot of French NA territory to English | 6 | |
| 8621071055 | Great War for Empire | -1st phase: Fort Necessity to expansion of war to Europe (Edward Braddock failed to retake it) 2nd phase: beginning of 7 Year's War (William Pitt SOS, brought American war effort under British control) -3rd phase: Pitt relaxes policies colonists hated -siege of Quebec -French had bad harvests—>turning point for English -French surrender -British ultimately win, brutal | 7 | |
| 8621071056 | Peace of Paris | -1763 -George III takes throne -end of French and Indian War -France gives up all territories in mainland NA, got rid of their threat | 8 | |
| 8621071057 | Effects of French and Indian War | To Britain -expanded British territory -increased debt -resentment towards Americans from leaders for American military ineptitude and no contribution of money to war To Colonies -forced them to work cooperatively with British -Iroquois loyalty doubted bc of passive fighting in war Confederation crumbles | 9 | |
| 8621071058 | Burdens of Empire | -shift in Britain imperial design {-land now seen as valuable, not just trade -Commercial Imperialists (wanted to trade Canada for Guadeloupe) vs. Territorial Imperialists (wanted to keep French Canada) (Ben Franklin)} -huge war debt, tax increases, England stations british troops on Indian border ($$) | 10 | |
| 8621071059 | Proclamation of 1763 | law forbidding English colonists to settle west of the Appalachian Mountains -beneficial to British, allowed them to control westward movement of whites -improved relations with natives -failed ultimately, people settled west anyways | 11 | |
| 8621071060 | Mutiny Act of 1765 | -colonists required to assist in provisioning and maintaining army -royal officials take up posts in person -colonial manufacturing limited | 12 | |
| 8621071061 | Sugar Act of 1764 | -eliminate illegal sugar trade between continental colonies and French and Spanish West Indies -established vice admiralty courts to try accused smugglers | 13 | |
| 8621071062 | Currency Act of 1764 | Required colonial assemblies to stop issuing paper money | 14 | |
| 8621071063 | Stamp Act of 1765 | -Placed a tax on almost all printed materials in the colonies -new imperial program, effort to reapply mercantilism -effective, but corrupt officials | 15 | |
| 8621071064 | Paxton Boys | -mob of Pennsylvania frontiersmen led by the Paxtons who massacred a group of non-hostile Indians -demanded relief from colonial taxes | 16 | |
| 8621071065 | Regulator Movement | -civil war North Carolina -regulators: farmers who opposed high taxes of local sheriffs -westerners badly underrepresented, Regulators failed in assembly -resisted tax collections by force -militia raised by Governor, defeated Regulators at Battle of Alamance | 17 | |
| 8621071066 | Stamp Act Crisis | -sugar act affected only NE merchants, stamp act affected all -opposed by powerful members of society -Taxation without representation | 18 | |
| 8621071067 | Virginia House of Burgesses | -hoped to unseat Tidewater planters who dominated VA along w royal governor -Patrick Henry: speech to House of Burgesses, accused of treason, VA RESOLVES-declared that Americans possessed same rights as the English, especially right to be taxed only by own reps | 19 | |
| 8621071068 | Stamp Act Congress | -James Otis persuades assembly to call inter colonial congress for action against new tax -1765 delegates from 9 colonies petitioned king and Parliament, asked for representation | 20 | |
| 8621071069 | Sons of Liberty | -1765 lots of riots -Boston Sons of Liberty terrorized stamp agents, halted stamp sales in continental colonies -attacked pro British aristocrats -boycotts caused English to calm down | 21 | |
| 8621071070 | Marquis of Rockingham | became P.M. in July, 1765; March 18, 1766 he killed Stamp Act; passed Declatory Act, asserting Parliaments over the colonies "in all cases whatsoever" | 22 | |
| 8621071071 | Townshend Acts | A tax that the British Parliament passed in 1767 that was placed on leads, glass, paint and tea | 23 | |
| 8621071072 | Boston Massacre | -Boston colonists harass officers -"liberty boys" crowd of dockworkers -5 civilians killed -powerful propaganda symbol -Samuel Adams leads outrage, Puritan, speaks of England becoming morass of sin and corruption | 24 | |
| 8621071073 | Samuel Adams | -Leader of the Boston Sons of Liberty -Puritan -spoke of town meetings -1772 proposed creation of "committee of correspondence" in Boston to publicize grievances against England | 25 | |
| 8621071074 | Tea Act of 1773 | -British enforce Navigation Acts more strictly -1773 East India Company on verge of bankruptcy -act gave company right to export merchandise directly to colonies without nagivation taxes, prices cheap=oversell American merchants -merchants monopolized by company, couldn't compete | 26 | |
| 8621071075 | Boston Tea Party | -1773 -boycotts -Mercy Otis Warren, Daughters of Liberty -BTP-colonists in Philly, NY, Charleston held back EIC tea from leaving ports -men pretended to be Mohawks and threw tea into harbor | 27 | |
| 8621071076 | Intolerable Acts of 1774 | -Parliament closes port of Boston -reduced colonial self government -permitted royal officials to be tried in England or other colonies -provided for quartering of troops in colonists house | 28 | |
| 8621071077 | Quebec Act | -provide civil gov't for French speaking Roman Catholic inhabitants of Canada and Illinois -extended boundaries of Quebec to include French communities -granted rights to Catholics -considered threat to English in colonies | 29 | |
| 8621071078 | 1st Continental Congress | -1774 -delegates except from Georgia -rejected plan for colonial union under British -endorsed statement of grievances -approved series of revolutions -agreed to nonimportation, nonexportation, non consumption as means of halting trade with GB Agreed to meet again | 30 | |
| 8621071079 | Lexington and Concord | -"minutemen" been arming themselves in MA -first official battle in American Revolution -British General Thomas Gage hesitated hearing order to arrest Sam Adams and John Hancock in Lexington, but attacked when he learned they were storing gunpowder at Concord -1775 Gage sends 1,000 soldiers to L&C -intended to seize gunpowder without bloodshed -Paul Revere and William Dawes "The British are coming" -British defeated them, but farmers attacked British on way back -circulated that British had fired first, caused enthusiasm about revolution | 31 |