AMSCO AP US History Chapter 7 Flashcards

AMSCO United States History 2015 Edition, Chapter 7 The Age of Jefferson, 1800-1816

12322833407	Thomas Jefferson	He was George Washington's first secretary of state. A Democrat-Republican, he was the nation's third president from 1801 to 1809. He stressed the basic principles of constitutional government and limited central government. (p. 131)	0
12322833408	Louisiana Purchase	In 1803, President Thomas Jefferson purchased the Louisiana territory from France for $15 million. The purchase more that doubled the size of the United States, removed a European presence from the nation's borders, and extended the western frontier well beyond the Mississippi River. (p. 133)	1
12322833409	war hawks	The 1810 congressional election brought a group of young Democratic-Republicans to Congress. Led by Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun they gained influence in the House of Representatives. They argued that war with Britain was the only way to defend American honor, gain Canada, and destroy American Indian resistance on the frontier. (p. 139)	2
12322833410	Tecumseh	This Shawnee warrior, who along with his brother, attempted to unite all American Indian tribes east of the Mississippi River. (p. 138)	3
12322833413	John Marshall	This Federalist Chief Justice of the Supreme Court served in the position for 34 years. His decisions in landmark cases generally strengthened the federal government, often at the expense of states rights. (p. 134)	4
12322833414	judicial review	In 1803, Marbury v. Madison case, the Marshall court established the doctrine of judicial review by ruling that a law passed by Congress was unconstitutional. From this point on, the Supreme Court could overrule the legislative or executive branches if they believed a law was unconstituional. (p. 134)	5
12322833429	Marbury v. Madison	A Supreme Court case in 1803 where Chief Justice John Marshall ruled that a law passed by Congress was unconstitutional. This established the doctrine of judicial review, where the Supreme Court could overrule actions taken by the legislative and executive branches of the government. (p. 134)	6
12322833415	Aaron Burr	He was Thomas Jefferson's vice president from 1801 to 1804. A new vice president was chosen for Jefferson's second term. He then organised a failed conspiracy, attempting to unite New England states and secede from the United States. He killed Alexander Hamilton in a duel. In 1806 was tried for treason because of a plan to capture Mexico and possibly unite it with Louisiana. He was acquitted of the charge. (p. 135)	7
12322833416	Hartford Convention (1814)	In December 1814, a special convention was held in Hartford, Connecticut. Bitterly opposed to the the War of 1812, some radical Federalist in the Northeast wanted to secede from the United States, but it was rejected. However, to limit the power of the Democratic-Republicans they adopted a proposal that a two-thirds vote of both houses would be required for any future declaration of war. (p. 141)	8
12322833418	impressment	The British practice of taking American sailors from American ships and forcing them to serve in the British navy. (p. 136)	9
12322833419	Embargo Act (1807)	In 1807, this act prohibited American trading ships from sailing to any foreign port. It was meant to force Britain and France to change their policies towards neutral vessels, by depriving them of American trade. The embargo backfired and brought greater economic hardship to the United States than Britain. In 1809 it was repealed. (p 136)	10
12322833420	James Madison	The fourth President of the United States from 1809 to 1817. A Democrat-Republican and a close friend of Thomas Jefferson. A member of the Continental Congress and the Constitutional Convention, he strongly supported ratification of the Constitution. He was a contributor to The Federalist Papers. His presidency was marked by the War of 1812. (p. 137)	11
12322833423	War of 1812	A war between the United States and Great Britain caused by American outrage over the impressment of American sailors by the British and British aid to the Indians attacking the Americans on the western frontier. The War Hawks (young westerners led by Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun) argued for war in Congress. (p. 138)	12
12322833424	Andrew Jackson	In the War of 1812 this U.S. general defeated the Creek nation at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend. The British were trying to control the Mississippi River and he defeated them at the Battle of New Orleans. He would later become the seventh president of the United States. (p. 141)	13
12322833425	Battle of New Orleans	On January 8, 1815, General Andrew Jackson led U.S. troops that defeated the British at New Orleans. At that time communications were much slower and the armies did not know that the Treaty of Ghent had ended the war two weeks earlier. (p. 141)	14
12322833426	Treaty of Ghent (1814)	The peace treaty that ended the War of 1812. The terms halted fighting, returned all conquered territory to the prewar claimant, and recognized the pre war boundary between Canada and the United States. (p. 141)	15
12322833427	Lewis and Clark Expedition	In 1804, they travelled up the Missouri River to the Great Divide, and then down the Columbia River to the Pacific Ocean. the expedition provided greater scientific knowledge of the region, stronger claims to the Oregon Territory, better relationships with the American Indians, and more accurate maps. (p. 134)	16
12322833436	Nationalism	A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country; nationalism in the U.S. grew during and after the War of 1812	17