AP Unit 1 Biochemistry Flashcards

14816211762	covalent bond	A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule	0
14816213961	polar covalent bond	A covalent bond in which electrons are not shared equally	1
14816215894	hydrogen bond	Attraction of opposite partial charges of neighboring molecules	2
14816226157	Cohesion	Attraction between molecules of the same substance	3
14816230942	surface tension	A measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid	4
14816242061	specific heat	The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree celcius	5
14816244337	heat of vaporization	The amount of energy required for the liquid at its boiling point to become a gas	6
14816247679	Solute	A substance that is dissolved in a solution.	7
14816250350	Hydrophilic	Attracted to water	8
14816252853	hyrdrophobic	(water fearing) molecules that repel water	9
14816257309	Macromolecules	A very large organic molecule composed of many smaller molecules	10
14816260573	Polymer	A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together.	11
14816264133	Monomer	A simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers	12
14816268237	dehydration synthesis	A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule.	13
14816270267	Hydrolysis	Breaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water	14
14816272200	Carbohydrate	compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; type of nutrient that is the major source of energy for the body	15
14816282745	Monosaccharides	Single sugar molecules	16
14816284412	glycosidic linkage	A covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction.	17
14816286972	Polysaccharides	Carbohydrates that are made up of more than two monosaccharides	18
14816289240	Starch	A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of glucose.	19
14816291435	Glycogen	An extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch.	20
14816293727	Cellulose	Carbohydrate component of plant cell walls.	21
14816297299	Lipid	macromolecule made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils, and waxes	22
14816301704	fatty acid	hydrocarbon chain often bonded to glycerol in a lipid	23
14816309205	Triglycerides	an energy-rich compound made up of a single molecule of glycerol and three molecules of fatty acid.	24
14816311589	saturated fats	hydrocarbon chain of a lipid having no double or triple bonds; fats that are solid at room temperature	25
14816320129	unsaturated fats	hydrocarbon chain of a lipid having 1 or more double or triple bonds; liquid at room temperature	26
14816327108	Phospholipids	a lipid consisting of a glycerol bound to two fatty acids and a phosphate group; main component of the cell membrane	27
14816333592	catalyst	substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction	28
14816341655	Polypeptide	A polymer (chain) of many amino acids linked together by peptide bonds.	29
14816341656	Protein	A three dimensional polymer made of monomers of amino acids.	30
14816343632	amino acids	monomers of proteins	31
14816345423	primary structure of protein	the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide chain	32
14816348258	secondary structure of protein	alpha helix and beta pleated sheet formed by the hydrogen bonding of the polypeptide backbone	33
14816357374	tertiary structure of protein	3D shape of functional protein folded by the interactions of the R side chain	34
14816373109	Denaturation	In proteins, a process in which a protein unravels and loses its native conformation (shape), thereby becoming biologically inactive.	35
14816379086	DNA	deoxyribonucleic acid, a self-replicating material present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information.	36
14816380995	RNA	A single-stranded nucleic acid that passes along genetic messages	37
14816385610	Pyrimidines	nitrogenous bases of nucleic acids; cytosine, thymine, uracil	38
14816388911	Purines	nitrogenous bases of nucleic acids; Adenine and Guanine	39
14816393025	antiparalell	This term describes the fact that the two strands of a DNA molecule run in opposite directions; one strands runs 5'-3' while the complementary strand runs 3'-5'	40
14816409734	Carbohydrate		41
14816416976	Lipid (triglyceride)		42
14816421161	Lipid (Phospholipid)		43
14816423501	nucleic acid		44
14816426210	Protein		45