Unit 2 600-600 AP World History Flashcards
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| 13721619154 | Filial Piety | In Confucian philosophy, filial piety is a virtue of respect for one's parents, elders, and ancestors. | 0 | |
| 13721619155 | Syncretism | The merging of different religions, cultures, or schools of thought. | 1 | |
| 13721619156 | Jewish Diaspora | The dispersion of Jews out of their ancestral homeland (the Land of Israel) and the communities built by them across the world. | 2 | |
| 13721619157 | Torah | The central reference of the religious Judaic tradition. | 3 | |
| 13721619162 | Caste System | A system of social stratification which has pre-modern origins, was transformed by the British Raj, and is today the basis of educational and job reservations in India. | 4 | |
| 13721619163 | Siddhartha Gautama | An ascetic and sage, on whose teachings Buddhism was founded. | 5 | |
| 13721619164 | Enlightenment | The action of enlightening or the state of being enlightened. | 6 | |
| 13721619165 | Asoka | Indian emperor of the Mauryan Dynasty who ruled almost all of the Indian subcontinent from c. 268 to 232 BCE. | 7 | |
| 13721619166 | Nirvana | A transcendent state in which there is neither suffering, desire, nor sense of self, and the subject is released from the effects of karma and the cycle of death and rebirth. | 8 | |
| 13721619167 | Confucianism | A system of philosophical and ethical teachings founded by Confucius and developed by Mencius. | 9 | |
| 13721619168 | Analects | A collection of sayings and ideas attributed to the Chinese philosopher Confucius and his contemporaries. | 10 | |
| 13721619169 | Patriarchal | Of, relating to, or characteristic of a system of society or government controlled by men. | 11 | |
| 13721619170 | Neo-Confucianism | A movement in religious philosophy derived from Confucianism in China around AD 1000 in response to the ideas of Taoism and Buddhism. | 12 | |
| 13721619172 | Yin-yang | Describes how seemingly opposite or contrary forces may actually be complementary, interconnected, and interdependent in the natural world | 13 | |
| 13721619173 | Constantine | Roman Emperor from 306 to 337 AD who converted to Christianity. | 14 | |
| 13721619175 | Roman Catholicism | members of the Catholic Church in full communion with the Pope | 15 | |
| 13721619176 | Eastern Orthodoxy | a church as being in communion with Constantinople, much as "Roman Catholic" did for communion with Rome. | 16 | |
| 13721619188 | Alexander the Great | a king of the Ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon and a member of the Argead dynasty and was one of, if not the greatest military leaders in History | 17 | |
| 13721619189 | Greco-Buddhist Architecture & Sculpture | the artistic manifestation of Greco-Buddhism, a cultural syncretism | 18 | |
| 13721619190 | Darius the Great | third king of the Persian Achaemenid Empire. Also called Darius the Great, he ruled the empire at its peak | 19 | |
| 13721619191 | Shi Huangdi | the founder of the Qin dynasty and was the first emperor of China | 20 | |
| 13721619192 | Bureacracy | a system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives. | 21 | |
| 13721619193 | Examination System | basic support for the ongoing study of the Confucian classics during late-imperial times and could be said to have been the impetus behind the school curriculum that was followed all over China, even at the level of the village school for young boys. | 22 | |
| 13721619194 | Aryans | relating to or denoting a people speaking an Indo-European language who invaded northern India in the 2nd millennium BC, displacing the Dravidian and other aboriginal peoples. | 23 | |
| 13721619196 | Mauryan Empire | a geographically extensive Iron Age historical power founded by Chandragupta Maurya which dominated ancient India between c. 322 and 185 BCE | 24 | |
| 13721619197 | Chandragupta | the founder of the Maurya Empire and the first emperor to unify north and south west of present-day India into one state. | 25 | |
| 13721619198 | Phoenicians | an ancient Semitic thalassocratic civilization of unknown origin situated on the coastal part of the Fertile Crescent | 26 | |
| 13721619199 | Carthage | City located in present-day Tunisia and the seat of the powerful Carthaginian (Punic) Empire; founded by Phoenicians ca. 800 B.C.E. It became a major commercial center and naval power in the western Mediterranean until defeated by the expanding Roman Republic in the third century B.C.E. | 27 | |
| 13721619200 | Hellenes | an ancient Greek. | 28 | |
| 13721619201 | Oligarchies | a small group of people having control of a country, organization, or institution. | 29 | |
| 13721619202 | Sparta & Athens | Two major city states of ancient Greece. Athens was a city that enjoyed the arts, philosophy and the finer things in life, while Sparta was completely militaristic. | 30 | |
| 13721619203 | Persian Wars | a series of conflicts between the Achaemenid Empire of Persia and Greek city-states that started in 499 BC and lasted until 449 BC. | 31 | |
| 13721619204 | Peloponnesian Wars | an ancient Greek war fought by Athens and its empire against the Peloponnesian League led by Sparta. | 32 | |
| 13721619205 | Republic | a sovereign state or country which is organized with a form of government in which power resides in elected individuals representing the citizen body and government leaders exercise power according to the rule of law. | 33 | |
| 13721619206 | Plebian | of or characteristic of the lower class | 34 | |
| 13721619207 | Patrician | an aristocrat or nobleman | 35 | |
| 13721619208 | Pax Romana | the peace that existed between nationalities within the Roman Empire. | 36 | |
| 13721619209 | Punic Wars | a series of three wars fought between Rome and Carthage from 264 BC to 146 BC. At the time, they were probably the largest wars that had ever taken place. | 37 | |
| 13721619210 | Aqueduct | an artificial channel for conveying water, typically in the form of a bridge supported by tall columns across a valley. | 38 | |
| 13721619211 | Epidemics | a widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time. | 39 | |
| 13721619212 | Byzantine Empire | also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire in the East during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinople | 40 | |
| 13721619213 | Justinian Law | the collections of laws and legal interpretations developed under the sponsorship of the Byzantine emperor Justinian I | 41 | |
| 13721619214 | Teotihuacan | an ancient Mesoamerican city located in a sub-valley of the Valley of Mexico | 42 | |
| 13721619215 | Maya | People of the Mayan civilization | 43 | |
| 13721619216 | Moche | a civilization flourished in northern Peru with its capital near present-day Moche, Trujillo, Peru from about 100 to 800 during the Regional Development Epoch | 44 | |
| 13721619217 | Quipu | a series of colored, knotted strings. The type of knot indicated a number, and the knot's placement signified units of 1, 10, 100, or more. All the cords hung from a main string, and their positions and colors likely signaled what was being counted—gold, corn, or other goods. | 45 | |
| 13721619218 | Ayllu | the traditional form of a community in the Andes, especially among Quechuas and Aymaras. | 46 | |
| 13721619219 | Mit'a | was mandatory public service in the society of the Inca Empire | 47 | |
| 13721619220 | Literacy | the ability to read and write. | 48 | |
| 13721619221 | Serfdom | the status of many peasants under feudalism, specifically relating to manorialism. It was a condition of bondage, which developed primarily during the High Middle Ages in Europe and lasted in some countries until the mid-19th century. | 49 | |
| 13721619222 | Indian Ocean Maritime Network | a network of trade between the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea. The trade network started in the third millennium BCE. The main participants in the trade network were Egyptians, Indians, Portuguese, Chinese and Africans | 50 | |
| 13721619223 | Monsoon Winds | the seasonal wind of the Indian Ocean and southern Asia, blowing from the southwest in summer and from the northeast in winter. | 51 | |
| 13721619224 | Oasis | a fertile spot in a desert where water is found | 52 | |
| 13721619225 | Chang'an | an ancient capital of more than ten dynasties in Chinese history, today known as Xi'an | 53 | |
| 13721619226 | Camels | an even-toed ungulate within the genus Camelus, bearing distinctive fatty deposits known as "humps" on its back | 54 | |
| 13721619227 | Patriarchy | A male dominated society |  | 55 |
| 13721619228 | Mandate of Heaven | an ancient Chinese belief and philosophical idea that tiān (heaven) granted emperors the right to rule based on their ability to govern well and fairly. |  | 56 |
| 13721619229 | Silk Road | an ancient network of trade and cultural transmission routes that were central to cultural interaction through regions of the Asian continent connecting the West and East by merchants, pilgrims, monks, soldiers, nomads, and urban dwellers from China and India to the Mediterranean Sea | 57 | |
| 13721619230 | Social Heirarchy | how individuals and groups are arranged in a relatively linear ladder |  | 58 |
| 13721619231 | Reincarnation | the rebirth of a soul in a new body. | 59 | |
| 13721619232 | Assimilation | The process by which a person or persons acquire the social and psychological characteristics of a group |  | 60 |
| 13721619233 | Monotheistic | The belief in only one god | 61 | |
| 13721619234 | Eightfold Path | the path to nirvana, comprising eight aspects in which an aspirant must become practiced: right views, intention, speech, action, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, and concentration. | 62 | |
| 13721619235 | Zoroanstrianism | one of the world's oldest monotheistic religions. It was founded by the Prophet Zoroaster in ancient Iran approximately 3500 years ago. | 63 | |
| 13721619236 | Greek Philosophy and Picture | the rational investigation of questions about existence and knowledge and ethics |  | 64 |
| 13721619237 | Polytheistic | The belief in many gods | 65 | |
| 13721619238 | Legalism | strict adherence, or the principle of strict adherence, to law or prescription, especially to the letter rather than the spirit. | 66 | |
| 13721619239 | Buddhism | is a nontheistic religion or philosophy (Sanskrit: dharma; Pali: धम्म dhamma) that encompasses a variety of traditions, beliefs and spiritual practices largely based on teachings attributed to Gautama Buddha, commonly known as the Buddha ("the awakened one"). | 67 | |
| 13721619240 | Judaism | an ancient monotheistic religion, with the Torah as its foundational text (part of the larger text known as the Tanakh or Hebrew Bible), and supplemental oral tradition represented by later texts such as the Midrash and the Talmud. | 68 | |
| 13721619241 | Christianity | the religion based on the person and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth, or its beliefs and practices. | 69 | |
| 13721619242 | Daoism | a philosophical, ethical or religious tradition of Chinese origin, or faith of Chinese exemplification, that emphasizes living in harmony with the Tao. | 70 | |
| 13721619243 | Persia | an empire located in modern day Iran but stretched as far as Egypt and Iraq. | 71 | |
| 13721619244 | Gupta | an empire located in northern India that lasted from 320-550 c.e. | 72 | |
| 13721619245 | Roman empire | located in modern day Italy but expanded to outlying countries throughout its reign, it lasted from 201 b.c.e- 476 c.e. | 73 | |
| 13721619246 | State | A body of people living in a defined territory who have a government with the power to make and enforce law without the consent of any higher authority | 74 | |
| 13721619247 | Empire | an extensive group of states or countries under a single supreme authority. | 75 | |
| 13721619249 | Roman Empire | Existed from 27 BCE to about 400 CE. Conquiered entire Mediterranean coast and most of Europe. Ruled by an emperor. Eventually oversaw the rise and spread of Christianity. | 76 | |
| 13721619250 | Vedic Concepts | Core beliefs in sanskrit scriptures; Hinduism; influence of Indo-European traditions in the development of the social and political roles of a caste system; importance of multiple manifestations of Brahma to promote teachings about reincarnation. | 77 | |
| 13721619251 | Hinduism | A religion and philosophy developed in ancient India, characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme being who takes many forms | 78 | |
| 13721619252 | Ashoka | Leader of the Mauryan dynasty of India who conquered most of India but eventually gave up violence and converted to Buddhism. | 79 | |
| 13721619253 | Siddhartha Gautama (The Buddha) | Means "Enlightened One." He is said to have renounced his worldly possessions and taught of a way to overcome suffering. | 80 | |
| 13721619254 | Emperor Constantine | Founded Constantinople; best known for being the first Christian Roman Emperor; issued the Edit of Milan in 313, granting religious toleration throughout the empire. | 81 | |
| 13721619255 | Gupta Empire | (320-550 CE) The decentralized empire that emerged after the Mauryan Empire, and whose founder is Chandra Gupta. | 82 | |
| 13721619256 | filial piety | In Confucian thought, one of the virtues to be cultivated, a love and respect for one's parents and ancestors. | 83 | |
| 13721619257 | monasticism | A way of life in which men and women withdraw from the rest of the world in order to devote themselves to their faith | 84 | |
| 13721619258 | ancestor veneration | Veneration of the dead or ancestor reverence is based on the beliefs that the dead have a continued existence, and may possess the ability to influence the fortune of the living, the worship of deceased ancestors | 85 | |
| 13721619259 | syncretic religion | Combines two religious traditions into something distinctly new, while containing traits of both | 86 | |
| 13721619260 | Persian Empire | Greatest empire in the world up to 500 BCE. Spoke an Indo-European language. A multi-ethnic and multi-religious empire. Fell to Alexander the Great. | 87 | |
| 13721619261 | Qin Dynasty | the Chinese dynasty (from 246 BC to 206 BC) that established the first centralized imperial government and built much of the Great Wall | 88 | |
| 13721619262 | Han Dynasty | (202 BC - 220 AD) dynasty started by Lui Bang; a great and long-lasting rule, it discarded the harsh policies of the Qin dynasty and adopted Confucian principles; rulers chose officials who passed the civil service exams rather than birth; it was a time of prosperity | 89 | |
| 13721619263 | Hellenistic | Of or influenced by the Greek Empire. A type of culture typically referred to after the conquests of Alexander the Great. | 90 | |
| 13721619265 | Athens | A democratic Greek polis who accomplished many cultural achievements, and who were constantly at war with Sparta. | 91 | |
| 13721619266 | Alexandria | City on the Mediterranean coast of Egypt founded by Alexander. It became the capital of the Hellenistic kingdom of Ptolemy. It contained the famous Library and the Museum and was a center for leading scientific and literary figures in the classical and postclassical eras. | 92 | |
| 13721619267 | Constantinople | A large and wealthy city that was the imperial capital of the Byzantine empire and later the Ottoman empire, now known as Istanbul | 93 | |
| 13721619268 | Trans-Saharan Caravan Route | Islamic trade in West Africa was conducted by caravans of camels. According to Ibn Battuta, the explorer who accompanied one of the caravans, the average size was a thousand camels per caravan, with some being as large as 12,000. | 94 | |
| 13721619271 | Jesus of Nazareth | a teacher and prophet born in Bethlehem and active in Nazareth; his life and sermons form the basis for Christianity. | 95 | |
| 13721619273 | Greco-Roman Philosophy | Ideas that emphasized logic, empirical observation, and nature of political power and hierarchy. | 96 | |
| 13721619274 | tribute | Money paid by one country to another in return for protection | 97 |