AP World History-Chapter 12-China Commercial Revolution Flashcards

11414802439	Buddhist conversion in China	Increased after Shi Le (converted( decision to grant tax free land to Buddhists monasteries-conflicted with Confucianism and family-by 600 Buddhism firmly implanted in country side	0
11414969309	Chakravartin	Literally "turner of the wheel," a Buddhist term for the ideal ruler who patronized Buddhism but never became a monk.	1
11415151388	Sui / Tang rulers model for governing	Buddhist rulers - Use Buddhism to unify with government supported monasteries	2
11415180182	Emperor Wu	(r. 685-705) The sole woman to rule China as emperor in her own right; she called herself emperor and founded a new dynasty, the Zhou (690-705), that replaced the Tang dynasty until her death in 705, when the Tang dynasty was restored.-promoted Buddhism	3
11415292310	tax system	used equal field system-nine ranks for households and assigning amount of land and tax paid-great control of large area	4
11415372127	education system	under Tang was based on Confucius teachings- top 5% jobs for those that passed written Confucian examination	5
11415382518	Tang after 755	In decline-less territory lost battles to Abbasid in central Asia	6
11415410725	Au Lushan Rebellion	Military leader attempted to overthrow emperor-unsuccessful but weakened emperor and lost loyalty of some of the miltary	7
11415476461	Chang 'an - layout and markets	checkerboard pattern with wide streets-two markets one domestic goods and one for foreign-largest city in world at the time-no central meeting place like Rome	8
11415502648	Tibetan expansion	in the 700s expanded into Tang territory and briefly conquered Chang 'an during the Lushan rebellion	9
11415598956	Three kingdoms period -contact with China	The period of Korean history from 313 to 668 when the Koguryo, Paekche, and Silla kingdoms all fought for control of the Korean peninsula and exercised profound cultural influence on Japan.-Removed Chinese control in the 300's-in 6oos Silla unified all of Korea	10
11415623906	adoption of Buddhism in Korea	same as China-rulers saw it as an opportunity to strengthen their dynasties-used with confucianism to rule.	11
11415638547	Korea/ Japan contact	Korean fleeing warfare in Korea fled to Japan bringing Buddhism and bone rank social structure	12
11415660975	Buddhism in Japan	Brought over by Korean travelers who adopted it in China. In the mid-700s, the Japanese court officially accepted Buddhism. Eventually spread through Japanese society. However, it mixed with Shinto rituals, gods and goddesses.	13
11415762713	Tang blueprint in Japan	adopted Buddhism- more central control with land reforms and tax system -much to avoid being conquered	14
11415768493	Chinese influences in Japan	check bored capital city in Nara, Buddhism, land reforms, Tang code of laws	15
11433612356	Bureaucracy	A large, complex organization composed of appointed officials-officials all took civil service exam-centralized goverment	16
11433634101	Five Dynasty Period	The period between the Tang and the Song-ruled by different regional governers	17
11433654639	establishment of the Northern and Southern Song	capital at Kaifeng- used central government with bureaucracy to rule-less power in hands of generals	18
11433666657	Song political structure	civilian rule with bureaucrats-six ministries to run country	19
11433673425	role of ministries	Civil appointments, Rites, Works, Punishments, and war	20
11433683824	administrative districts	220 prefectures -20 larger units called circuits - magistrates with subordinates below that who collected taxes	21
11433697615	rise of the JIn and conflict with the Song	Jin (Jurchen) declared their own dynasty in the Manchuria area- partnered with song to defeat KItan but then attacked the Northern Song	22
11433724037	role of gunpowder in Song military	The Jin used against the Song with flamethrowers and bombs	23
11433729373	Hangzhou	China's capital during the Southern Song dynasty, with a population of more than a million people.	24
11433740552	Southern Song rule, population; treaty with Jurchen	1/2 million people migrated south-South signed treaty with North acknowledging the superiority of JUrchen and tribute paid-but left alone	25
11433766869	commercial revolution: China before and after	before self sufficient farming in barter economy to cash crops and dependence on the market place afterwards	26
11433802912	rice farming, land use, technologies, effects on population, role of government	rice grown in South-new crop twice the food: used chain pumps and irrigationincreased population, increased cash crops-used paper money to keep up with commerce	27
11433838124	role of paper money on economy, trade	used to encourage trade-debate over how much to print-replaced hard to carry bronze coins	28
11433859192	iron; small and large scale production, goods produced, impact on society	China had large government and private iron making factories-rice surplus freed workers-compared to industrial revolution of Britain	29
11433870374	footbinding reasons and impact	caused by increased wealth in China-seen as more attractive by men-families wanted women to marry higher social statues-feet were kept from growing at age ten	30
11433900048	changes in women's lives	12 and 13th centuries women were more educated because of wealth- still not allowed to take the civil service exam	31
11433909272	Song epitaphs	biographies about women put on tombstone-tells us that more women were educated	32
11433912650	woodblock printing	a form of printing in which an entire page is carved into a block of wood-lowered cost of books-increased literacy and more could take teh civil service exam	33
11433922855	movable type	blocks of metal or wood, each bearing a single character, that can be arranged to make up a page for printing-hard with so many Chinese characters	34
11433929538	Impact of Movable Type Printing on economy, government	more educated people and more people wanting to take civil service exam-more qualified people in government	35
11433974135	civil service exams, reasons for it, types, who took it	merit based bureaucracy based on Confucius teachings, poetry and writing; initially open to well established families who could afford tutors-but some could attend village school.	36
11433989793	impact of exam on literacy and learning	increased both	37
11433991634	negatives of exam	shadow privilege where sons and relatives of high officials got to take an easier exam -cheating occured and so much competition for high ranking government jobs some choose not to take it	38
11447220848	Chinese religious practice	Usually a mix of Daoist, Buddhism and Neo confucianism	39
11447229587	Zhu Xi and the white Deer Academy	rejected Buddhism-more modern Confucianism-looking for patterns to understand things-became popular	40
11447253676	Neo_confucianism: sage, student relationships, conversations	look for the principle in things- the air or qi-achieve sagehood-studied conversations between Confucius and students	41
11447291080	spread of Neo-Confucianism	students willingness to risk low scores on the civil service exam by writing in Neo Confucian style helped the spread- had to write in this way to pass in latter years-eventually reached Korea, Japan, and Vietnam	42
11447298679	worthy	A Neo Confucian who displayed the virtues of being educated, honest and concerned about his communities welfare	43
11447305691	women and Buddhist monasteries	one of the few places women could go unaccompanied by men-they listened to Buddhist texts- some became nuns (more men as monk during Song)	44
11447327690	Examples of Chinese influence: Japan	-Chinese Writing -Confucianism -Chinese Bureaucracy -Buddhism -artistic expresseion	45
11447333040	Examples of Chinese influence: Vietnam	-Buddhism -Agriculture and Irrigation -Confucian concepts -Importance of the extended family -civil service examinations -military organization and tech	46
11447350069	impact of steel-needle compass on travel, trade	Allowed the Chinese starting in the 12 century to go deepwater far trading expeditions-before they stayed close to coastline- now they could go to Vietnam, Cambodia and Southeast Asia	47
11447353447	Zhao Rugua description of foreign peoples	wrote about trade items and people outside of China-Japan, Vietnam, and Korea	48
11447370755	Chinese influence in Vietnam: government, education	Buddhism shared, they used mandate of heaven like China-at times were part of the Han and Tang or independent but subordinate to China-used civil service exam- used a modified Tang lew code	49
11447372974	Vietnam and trade with China	traded rhino horns, elephant tusks, camphor, musk and sandalwood	50
11447377863	founding of Koryo dynasty	where Korea got its name from, defeated rival dynasty in 936-modeled government after Tang China	51
11447380988	Chinese influence on Korea	Korean court organized in a similar manner to China Modeled capital - Kumsong - after changan Took chinese writings back to Korea Confucianism popular for elite, chan Buddhism popular for peasants government same	52
11447384116	Korean Printing	used woodblock printing and movable type for Buddhist texts-oldest printed book from Korea	53
11447389166	Establishment of Kamakura period	shogun period-military leaders ruled on behalf of the emperor	54
11447391365	Shogun and administration of government	shoguns ruled for emperor-used family clans to govern-supported by Buddhism and confucianism	55
11447392809	Zen Buddhism	a Japanese school of Mahayana Buddhism emphasizing the value of meditation and intuition.	56