Ap Flashcards

13862610572	Declaration of Independence	Separate US needed from monarchy of Great Britain; Individual rights violated by king; natural rights exist in this world	0
13862658753	The Articles of Confederation	First constitution fail; no ability to tax(voluntary); no President or Executive; no central government as each state maintained sovereignty; one vote per state in congress; all states to change the doc	1
13863364398	Federalist no 10	Mischiefs of factions can not be eliminated, but curbed; representative and pluralist democracy; factions would neutralize one another; Republic> Democracy in large nation	2
13863391206	Brutus No 1	Constitution threatens states; necessary and proper clause and supremacy clause are both too expensive; country too large to elect a group to represent everyone; country too diverse as is; 13 states can not be 1	3
13863425760	Federalist No 51	Separation of powers guards against tyranny; bicameral legislature elected differently with different powers ensures branch doesn't dominate; checks and balances should cause branches to compete with one another	4
13863458977	Federalist No 70	One person executive ensures unity and accountability; energetic person; need to place blame one person is easier than the blame game a group might cause;	5
13863480704	Federalist No 78	Judicial branch being independent is essential to securing liberties; serving for life w/good behavior ensures a judicial branch free from legislative interference and politics; assumes judicial review is coming	6
13863516812	letter from birmingham jail by MLK	Dr King's response to " A Call For Unity", a letter penned by southern White clergy; Social movements expand civil rights; NONVIOLENT direct action as a final means; postponed until after election to not bias the result or taint the movement as a mere political stunt	7
13863634725	Adversal System	A system of law in which the court is seen as a neutral area when disputants can argue the merits of their cases	8
13863656817	affirmative action	Government mandated programs that eek to create special employment opportunities for minorities, women, and other victims of past discrimination	9
13863681828	amicus curiae briefs	"friend of the court" documents filed by interested parties to encourage the court to grant or deny certiorari or to urge it to decide a case in a particular way	10
13863704322	Fifteenth Amendment	The constitutional amendment adopted in 1870 to extend suffrage to African Americans.	11
13863707589	Fourteenth Amendment	A constitutional amendment giving full rights of citizenship to all people born or naturalized in the United States, except for American Indians.	12
13863710257	First Amendement	The constitutional amendment that establishes the four great liberties: freedom of the press, of speech, of religion, and of assembly.	13
13863714912	Second Amendment	Right to bear arms	14
13863719629	Third Amendment	The government may not house soldiers in private homes without consent of the owner	15
13863724774	Fourth Amendment	Protects against unreasonable search and seizure	16
13863724775	Fifth Amendment	A constitutional amendment designed to protect the rights of persons accused of crimes, including protection against double jeopardy, self-incrimination, and punishment without due process of law.	17
13863729503	Sixth Amendment	A constitutional amendment designed to protect individuals accused of crimes. It includes the right to counsel, the right to confront witnesses, and the right to a speedy and public trial.	18
13863736158	Seventh Amendment	Right to trial by jury	19
13863738478	Eight Amendment	forbids excessive bail and cruel or unusual punishment	20
13863742196	Ninth Amendment	states that people's rights are not limited to just those listed in the Constitution.	21
13863742197	Tenth Amendment	The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.	22
13863750816	Eleventh Amendment	When states sue other states, it automatically goes before the Supreme Court. Residents of one state cannot sue another state. Another country can't sue the US and vice verse.	23
13863754503	Twelth Amendment	requires electors to vote separately for President and Vice Pres.	24
13863754551	Thirteenth Amendment	abolished slavery	25
13863757442	Sixteenth Amendment	Amendment to the U.S. Constitution that authorized Congress to enact a national income tax.	26
13863764816	Seventeenth Amendment	1913 constitutional amendment allowing American voters to directly elect US senators	27
13863764818	eighteenth amendment	Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages	28
13863779977	Ninth Amendment	granted voted rights to women	29
13863784314	Twenth amendment	that sets the dates at which federal (United States) government elected offices end	30
13863794236	Twenty-One Amendment	Repeal of Prohibition	31
13863818633	Twenty-second Amendment	limited the years an individual may serve as president	32
13863825979	Twenty-fourth Amendment	The constitutional amendment passed in 1964 that declared poll taxes void in federal elections.	33
13863828154	Twenty-sixth Amendment	lowered the voting age to 18	34
13863838084	Schenck v. United States	Supreme court case involving limits on free speech rights. Established "clear and present danger" principle of determining what type of speech could be restricted	35
13863865200	Marbury v. Madison	This case establishes the Supreme Court's power of Judicial Review	36
13863873092	Gideon v. Wainwright	A person who cannot afford an attorney may have one appointed by the government	37
13863876484	Griswold v. Connecticut	1965 decision that the Constitution implicitily guarantees citizens' right to privacy.	38