AP Flashcards

12912654351	heart	12cm long 9cm wide sternum to the vertebral column	0
12912772154	mediastinum	extends from the sternum to the vertebral column, from the first rib, and between the lungs	1
12912810260	apex	formed by the tip of the left ventricle and rests on the diaphragm	2
12912854049	base of heart	opposite of apex and is its posterior aspect. formed by atria and left atrium	3
12912959049	anterior surface	deep into sternum and ribs	4
12912972507	inferior surface	between the apex and right surface and rests mostly on the diaphragm	5
12912979640	right surface	faces the right lung and extends from the inferior surface to the base	6
12912986205	left surface	faces the left lung and extends from the base to the apex	7
12912988442	pericardium	membrane that surrounds and protects the heart	8
12912992581	fibrous pericardium	composed of tough, inelastic, dense irregular connective tissue prevents overstitching of the heart, provides protection, and anchors heart in mediastinum	9
12913026409	serous pericardium	thinner, more delicate membrane that forms a double layer around the heart	10
12913036871	parietal layer of serous pericardium	fused to fibrous pericardium	11
12913048174	visceral layer of serous pericardium	also called epicardium-adheres to tightly to the surface of the heart	12
12913064411	pericardial fluid	thin film lubricating serous fluid-slippery secretion of pericardial cells reduces friction as heart moves	13
12913079848	pericardial cavity	the space that contains the few milliliters of pericardial fluid	14
12913088632	3 layers of the heart	epicardium, myocardium, endocardium	15
12913095385	epicardium (external layer)	composed of two tissue layers 1. visceral layer of serous pericardium 2. fibrous elastic and adipose tissue smooth, slippery texture to the outer heart contains blood vessels, lymphatics, and vessels that supply to myocardium	16
12913263771	myocardium (middle layer)	responsible of pumping action of the heart-composed of cardiac muscle tissue-swirl diagionally, striated, involuntary makes up 95% of heart wall	17
12913312671	endocardium (innermost layer)	thin layer of endothelium overlying a thin layer of connective tissue provide smooth lining for the chamber of the heart and cover the valves of the heart minimizes surface friction as blood passes through the heart continuous with the endothelial lining of the large blood vessels attached to the heart	18
12913495273	endocarditis	inflammation of the endocardium involving the heart valves-caused by bacteria	19
12913517139	atria	the two upper chambers of the heart receive blood from blood vessels returning blood to the heart-veins	20
12913520303	Ventricles	the two lower chambers of the heart eject blood from the heart into blood vessels-arteries	21
12913595155	auricle	wrinkled pouch-like structure increases capacity to the atrium so it can hold a greater volume of blood	22
12913611249	sulci	series of grooves contain coronary blood vessels and a variable amount of fat each sulcus marks the external boundary between 2 chambers of the heart	23
12913640304	coronary sulcus	encircles most of the heart and marks the external boundary between the superior atria and and inferior ventricles	24
12913665244	anterior ventricular sulcus	shallow groove on the anterior surface of the heart that marks the external boundary between the right and left ventricles on the anterior side of heart	25
12913757796	right atrium	right surface of the heart and receives blood from 3 veins: superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus inside posterior wall-smooth outside posterior wall- rough due to pectinate muscles-muscular ridges	26
12913686444	posterior interventricular sulcus	marks the external boundary between ventricles on the posterior side of the heart	27
12913862401	interatrial septum	between right and left atrium- thin partition	28
12916263244	fossa ovalis	oval depression on interatrial septum remnant of foramen ovale-an opening in the interatrial septum of the fetal heart that closes after birth	29
12916304241	tricuspid valve (right atrioventricular valve)	consists of 3 cusps or leaflets composed of dense connective tissue covered by endocardium	30
12916318767	right ventricle	forms most of the anterior surface of the heart	31
12916334440	trabecular carneae	series of ridges formed by raised bundles of cardiac muscle fibers	32
12916348098	chordae	tendon like chords- connect cusps of tricuspid valve	33
12916366319	papillary muscles	cone-shaped trabeculae carneae	34
12916372086	interventricular septum	separates right from left ventricle	35
12916383202	pulmonary valve	blood passes through to pulmonary trunk from the right ventricle	36
12916396017	left atrium	forms base of heart receives blood from the lungs through pulmonary veins smooth posterior wall	37
12916415935	bicuspid valve (left atrioventricular)	two cusps, two-sided	38
12916419599	left ventricle	thickest chamber of the heart forms apex of the heart contain trabeculae carneae and chordae tendonae	39
12916431294	aortic valve	The semilunar valve separating the aorta from the left ventricle that prevents blood from flowing back into the left ventricle.	40
12916442846	ligamentum arteriosum	connects arch of aorta and pulmonary trunk	41