AP World History Flashcards

13809810397	Paleolithic Era	called the old stone age (from 10,000 to 2.5 million years ago); they were concerned with food supply; they used stone as well as bone tools; they were nomadic hunters and gatherers.	0
13809814131	Neolithic/Agricultural Revolution	Agrarian societies emerged around the world, domestication, pastoralism developed, adaption of environment for agriculture	1
13819542246	Early Human Migration	Migrated form East Africa, developed diverse tools, exchanged ideas and goods	2
13819542247	Agriculture & Pastoralism (Neolithic Era)	Food surplus = specialization of labor and social hierarchies, technology improved, patriarchal societies formed	3
13819542248	Mesopotamia	Tigris and Euphrates	4
13819542249	Egypt	Nile	5
13819542250	Mohenjo-Daro	Indus	6
13819542251	Harrapa	Indus	7
13819542252	Shang	Yellow/Huang He	8
13819542253	Olmec	Mexico	9
13819542254	Chavin	Peru	10
13819542255	States emerged	Food surplus, rulers claimed divine right, warfare, increased populations, innovation of new weapons	11
13819542256	Culture unified states	Monumental architecture (Ziggurats), writing systems, legal codes, new religious beliefs, trade networks expanded, social hierarchies & patriarchies intensified	12
13819542257	Ancestor Veneration	The practice of praying to your ancestors. Found especially in China.	13
13819542258	Axum	The Christian state in Africa that developed its own branch of Christianity, Coptic Christianity, because it was cut off from other Christians due to a large Muslim presence in Africa	14
13819542259	Book of the Dead	Collection of religious spells which were thought to be helpful to the deceased in the afterlife	15
13819542260	Epic of Gilgamesh	An epic poem from Mesopotamia, and among the earliest known works of literary writing	16
13820065850	Upanishads	A group of writings sacred in Hinduism concerning the relations of humans, God, and the universe	17
13820065851	Uruk	The largest city of ancient Mesopotamia	18
13820065852	Phoenicians	A maritime people who spread their alphabet to others including the Hebrews, Romans, and Greeks	19
13836443229	Impeded Agricultural Revolution	Ice Age	20
13836443230	Africa to...	Australia, America, Eurasia	21
13836443231	Religion was most likely ______ in the early ages.	Animalistic	22
13836443232	Stratification	A structured ranking of entire groups of people that perpetuates unequal economic rewards and power in a society	23
13836443233	Religions ______ political structures.	Merged	24
13871549929	Sui Dnynasty	Buddhism	25
13871549930	Tang Dynasty	Buddhism \| Confucianism	26
13871549931	Song Dynasty	Confucianism	27
13881605496	3 requirements for a civilization?	1. Surplus of food 2. Political structure 3. Career Specialization	28
13881643172	5 effects from creating a civilization?	1. Technology 2. Social Structure 3. Writing System 4. Belief System 5. Culture	29
13881675476	Why were metal tools preferred over stone tools?	Easier to make	30
13881703816	Mesopotamia civilization produced what religion?	Monotheistic Religion	31
13881727783	Hammurabi's code provided everything except?	An attorney	32
13881919722	Indus Valley did what with their dead?	No one truly knows but many think they burned the bodies	33
13881955562	Dynastic Cycle	Leader in power > Things go badly > Revolt > New Leader >	34
13882019251	Erosion of Equality occurred by?	Division of labor	35
13882041143	Gender Inequality	Intensive agriculture favored men	36
13882054582	Egypt patriarchy	Women had legal standing, occasional political power, artistic value, property rights	37
13882061590	Mesopotamian patriarchy	Highly restricted, goddesses replaced by gods, sexuality regulated, "protected by man"	38
13882343768	What is an Empire?	1. Coercive power 2. Expanding/Conquering 3. Multi-ethnic	39
13882451376	Persia politics	Monarch, ruthless king, wars, "embassies", used others advances for themselves, courts, large population, independent city-states, centralized government	40
13882451377	Greece politics	Small population, city-states, small cities within, used settlement instead of wars, equality	41
13882490378	Persian War	Persia expanded into Greece making the Athenians mad so they joined up with the Ionians and other places and drove the Persians out	42
13882544916	Alexander The Great	Created largest empire by uniting Greece in 10 years by allowing other ethnicities to become Greek. After his death Greece divided into 3	43
13882584173	600BCE > 600CE	Classical Era	44
13882702629	Peloponnesian War	30 year conflict, Athenians VS Spartans, War for resources and power, Spartans win, divides Greece for Alexander to unite	45
13882761134	Roman Republic > Empire	Transition to military dictatorship, Conquer Central Europe, Mediterranean World, & Middle East, Pax Romana "Roman Golden Age" (5 good emperors, security, prosperity)	46
13882810534	Unification of China	Zhou fell by 500BCE > Qin united, Qin = brutal, legalism, expansion,	47
13882852830	Han Dynasty	Takes over after Qin around 206BCE for next 400 years using Confucianism	48
13882893577	Consolidating Power in Rome and China	Invested heavily in infrastructure, claimed divine right, absorbed foreign religious traditions, used culture & language to maintain order, used bureaucracy	49
13921719494	Reasons empire fall	Excessive size, Tax corruption , Innovative stagnation, Widespread poverty, Elite entitlement, Disease, Foreign invaders	50
13921809199	India (The Sometimes Empire)	Mauryan Empire=Ashoka was the first emperor, Influenced by Persians & Greeks; Gupta Empire; Diversity didn't allow empires	51
13921868379	Caste System		52
13921876076	Dharma	Focused on occupation, how to elevate status	53
13921882245	Impacts of Dharma	Better to be a warrior, Social cohesion, If fulfilled there's rebirth, Held by Karma, Your parents job = Your job	54
13921919169	Siddhartha Gautama	Founder of Buddhism	55
13921922318	8 Fold Path	Right... 1. Views, 2. Intention, 3. Speech, 4. Actions, 5. Living, 6. Effort, 7. Mindfulness, 8. Concentration	56
13921954914	4 Noble Truths	Core of Buddha's doctrine; all life involves suffering, desire is the cause of suffering, elimination of desire brings the end to suffering, and disciplined life conducted in accordance with the Eight-fold Path brings elimination of desire	57
13921979161	Legalism	Strict laws = Harsh punishments	58
13922003435	Hinduism	A religion native to India, featuring belief in many gods and reincarnation, Influenced by Aryan group,	59
13922045889	Moksha	Removal of system of rebirth, Ultimate state of peace	60
13922078369	Buddhism	Hinduism without roles	61
13922083071	Buddhism was about	Life is an illusion, Karma & Rebirth, Overcoming ones desire,	62
13922097675	Buddhism rejected	Caste systems, Politics, Rebirth	63
13922103831	Buddhism accepted	Independence, Nirvana, Women	64
13922123170	Zoroastrianism	Persia, Good(Heramazda) = Evil(Angermanu), Monotheistic	65
13922671360	Judaism	Explains migration to Palestine, Yahweh is the only god, lofty deity, Basis for Christianity and Islam	66
13922746705	Rational Order in Classical Greece	3 principles: 1. Physical reality governed by natural laws 2. Understanding natural laws 3. Workout system for ethical life	67
13922791256	Unifying ideology for peasant rebellions	Daoism	68
13922829775	Meroe Civilization	Led by female monarchs, herding/farming combo, Lack of irrigation, Large amounts of long distance trading	69
13923226884	Axum	Highly productive at agriculture, Eurasian styled capital, Christian based, Declined from expansion	70
13923270607	Niger River Valley	Urbanization w/o state structure, economically specialized cities, Laid groundwork for later empires	71
13923295030	Bantu's ****	Migration reconstructed Southern Africa (language diversity, not based on conquest)	72
13923333081	Teotihuacan	Most advanced city	73
13923335769	Mesoamerica	Isolated, No large domesticated animals	74
13923348457	American civilization patterns	Shared agriculture skills, Shared economic skills, Similar religions, Frequent regional interactions	75
13923388987	Maya	Developed advanced math, Calender's, Most sophisticated writing system, Monumental architecture, Politically similar to Greece city-states, Rapid & Mysterious collapse	76
13923430676	Andes	Chavín (Superstitious religion, hallucination drugs, no reach), Moche (culturally similar to Chavín, Human sacrifice, widespread)	77
13923500500	Semi-sedentary	Small scale agriculture which supports a small population	78
13923518258	Hellenistic Era	Time of Roman Empire expansion	79
13923547588	Silk Road	Connected China, India, and the Middle East. Traded luxury goods and helped to spread culture.	80
13923564556	Indian Ocean Trade	World's richest maritime trading network that was essential for the prosperity of East Africa	81
13923594331	China + Nomads	COMPLICATED; different ways of life, China used Nomads for transport, Nomads were buffers for China, Nomads lived next to China for trade	82
13923613874	Tribute System	Theory- all about establishing dominance Practice- heavy external pressure	83
13923639719	China + Korea	Silla allied w/Tang, Some Chinese colonization, Buddhism was adapted by peasants, Confucianism hurt woman's rights, Attempted recreation of Chinese court system	84
13923720462	China + Vietnam	Adopted political ways, Similar to Korea, Examination system, Elite adapted Chinese culture, Culture didn't change	85
13923789989	China + Japan	Never controlled by China, Cultural borrowing was voluntary, Looking for a government system,	86
13923892252	Zen-Shinto	Combination of Buddhism and Shinto	87
13923924141	Crusades	A series of holy wars from 1096-1270 AD undertaken by European Christians to free the Holy Land from Muslim rule.	88
13923930019	Impact of Crusades	Killed many, connected Kings, made Egypt a target, Built ships, Doomed Byzantine empire	89
13923972433	Arab Nomads	Polytheistic, Tribal/Clan organizations, Mecca	90
13923994005	Muhammad Ibn Abdullah	Prophet of Allah, Quran, Monotheistic	91
13924015878	5 Pillars of Islam	Profession of faith, Pray 5 times a day, Generous giving, Fasting during Ramadan, Pilgrimage to Mecca	92
13924048499	The Making of an Arab Empire	War & Conquest	93
13924060226	Shia's Law	Believe descendants of Muhammad are the only rulers	94
13924080368	4 Khanates	Khanate of Chagatai, Khanate of the Great Khan, Khanate of the Golden Horde, Ilkhanate of Persia	95
13924087590	Pax Mongolica	Era of relative peace and stability created by the Mongol Empire	96
13924094668	Yuan Dynasty	Dynasty in China set up by the Mongols under the leadership of Kublai Khan, replaced the Song	97
13924115263	Motivation to build Russian empire?	Security, Demands in Global market, Spread of religion,	98
13924200143	Region with the least amount of racial mixing?	North America	99
13970848727	Non-European group increased sugar production?	Arabs	100
13971671682	How the Russian empire changed the lives of Russians?	Highly militarized, created an identity crisis, top empire at end of period	101
13972927539	Mesotopamia	Pessimistic view of world	102
13973005004	Indus Valley women	status reflect reverence for female reproductive function	103
13974592450	Oracle Bones	The earliest known Chinese writing is found on these from ritual activity of the Shang period.	104
13974631914	Classical Greece political organization	No centralized government though they had a strong military organization	105
13974648401	Slavery in classical Greece?	Widely practiced	106
13974664532	Particians	Aristocrats	107
13974669712	Plebeians	Free farmers	108
13974739818	Silk Road	Series of passages with common stops along the way, this created new towns	109
13974749250	Indian Ocean Trade	Traded gold, spices, and slaves; spread Islam and Buddhism	110
13974764505	Sub-Saharan Trade	Inspired by the Bantu migration	111