AP EURO Chapter 12 Flashcards
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| 11114958538 | Treaty of Westphalia | This document ended wars of religion in continental Europe and tried to restore international stability and diplomatic process there by eliminating religious division as a cause of conflict. | 0 | |
| 11114958539 | politiques | Pragmatic leaders who believed that any reason or problem that occurred with the state should be put ahead of any religious principles. | 1 | |
| 11114958540 | Peace of Augsburg | This agreement stated that the religion of the ruler was the religion of the state in the HRE. | 2 | |
| 11114958541 | Henry IV | He issued the Edict of Nantes and tried to restore stability in France. | 3 | |
| 11114958542 | Albrecht von Wallenstein | One of Ferdinand II's generals who drove the Protestant forces to Hungary in 1625. | 4 | |
| 11114958543 | 30 Years War | This war started because of the dissatisfaction between the Catholics and Protestants with the Peace of Augsburg. It was the last major war fought over religion. | 5 | |
| 11114958544 | St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre | Trigger event that resulted in the death of up to 20,000 Huguenots in France over a two-month period. | 6 | |
| 11114958545 | Edict of Nantes | This document gave the Huguenots the right to practice their religion in their own certain towns. | 7 | |
| 11114958546 | Phillip II | This Spanish ruler and husband of Mary Tudor was fanatical about preventing the spread of Catholicism. |  | 8 |
| 11114958547 | Huguenots | French Calvinists were referred to by this term. |  | 9 |
| 11114958548 | Puritans | Calvinists in England were referred to by this term. |  | 10 |
| 11114958549 | Presbyterians | Calvinists in Scotland were referred to by this term. |  | 11 |
| 11114958551 | Mary Queen of Scots (Mary Stuart) | Elizabeth had this cousin executed in 1587 to stifle further Catholic plots against Elizabethan rule. |  | 12 |
| 11114958552 | Cavaliers (royalists) and the Roundheads (Puritans) | These two factions fought each other during the English Civil War. |  | 13 |
| 11114958553 | the Spanish Netherlands | The southern provinces of Flanders became known by this term after the Dutch Revolt against Philip II failed to unite all 17 provinces. |  | 14 |
| 11114958554 | Cardinal Richelieu | This French minister brought France into the Thirty Years' War and was ultimately victorious during the "French Phase" of the war. |  | 15 |
| 11114958555 | Spanish Armada | The attempt by Phillip II to reimpose Catholicism in England ended in this 1588 naval disaster |  | 16 |
| 11114958556 | French Civil Wars | These wars ended when the politique, Henry IV, came to the throne |  | 17 |
| 11114958557 | Dutch Revolt | William of Orange led a group of provinces against Spanish oppression in this 1581 conflict |  | 18 |
| 11114958558 | Charles I | This king was executed as a result of the English Civil War |  | 19 |
| 11114958560 | Bohemian Phase - 30 Years' War | This stage of conflict began with the "Defenestration of Prague." |  | 20 |
| 11114958561 | Danish Phase - 30 Years' War | The second phase of the 30 Years' War, led on the Protestant side by King Christian IV vs. Wallenstein for the Catholics | 21 | |
| 11114958562 | Swedish Phase - 30 Years' War | Third phase of the Thirty Years' War led by Gustavus Adolphus for the Protestants against Wallenstein (in part) for the Catholics | 22 | |
| 11114958563 | French/Intl Phase - 30 Years' War | The last phase of the Thirty Years' War that had almost nothing to do with religion; ended with a victory against the Hapsburgs. | 23 | |
| 11114958564 | Gustavus Adolphus | This Swedish king and army leader may have saved the Protestant cause during the Thirty Years' War |  | 24 |
| 11114958567 | Restoration | Placement of Charles II on the throne of England and the period of strengthening the Church of England/constitutional monarchy tendencies in England | 25 | |
| 11114958568 | Glorious Revolution | James II forced into exile and William III of Orange (Neth.) invited to take English throne w/ his wife Mary (1688) | 26 | |
| 11114958569 | James I | First Stuart king of England, shared with Scotland and Ireland. Persecuted Catholics, anti Puritan reform efforts; enforcer of traditional Anglicanism | 27 | |
| 11114958570 | The Protectorate | Military dictatorship in England by Oliver Cromwell during the Interregnum period, before the Restoration (of Stuarts) | 28 | |
| 11114958571 | House of Valois | Catholic ruling house of France from 1328 - 1589. (Henry III) | 29 | |
| 11114958572 | House of Bourbon | Protestant, then later Catholic (at least "officially") ruling house of France from 1589 - 1792 (reinstated after Napoleon for part of 19th c. too) (Henry of Navarre-->Henry IV) | 30 | |
| 11114958573 | House of Guise | Ultra Catholic French nobles who created the Catholic League and were partly responsible for French civil wars. (Henry of Lorraine) | 31 | |
| 11114958574 | Catherine d' Medici | Wife of Henry II of France, acted as regent/advisor for her sons, Valois kings of France Francis II, Charles IX, and Henry III. Catholic; ordered St. Bart's massacre | 32 |