APES Friedland Chapter 7 Flashcards

12394610413	Demography	the study of human populations and population trends	0
12394610414	Demographers	scientists in the field of demography	1
12394610415	Immigration	the movement of people into a country or region, having come from another country or region	2
12394610416	Emigration	the movement of people out of a country or region, to settle in another country or region	3
12394610417	Crude Birth Rate	the number of births per 1000 individuals per year	4
12394610418	Crude Death Rate	the number of deaths per 1000 individuals per year	5
12394610419	Total Fertility Rate (TFR)	an estimate of the average number of children that each woman in a population will bear throughout her childbearing years	6
12394610420	Replacement-Level Fertility	the total fertility rate required to offset the average number of deaths in a population in order to maintain the current population size	7
12394610421	Developed Countries	countries with relatively high levels of industrialization and income	8
12394610422	Developing Countries	countries with relatively low levels of industrialization and income	9
12394610423	Life Expectancy	the average number of years that an infant born in a particular year in a particular country can be expected to live, given the current average life span and death rate in that country	10
12394610424	Infant Mortality Rate	the number of deaths of children under 1 year of age per 1000 live births	11
12394610425	Child Mortality Rate	the number of deaths of children under age 5 per 1000 live births	12
12394610426	Age Structure Diagrams	diagrams that show the numbers of individuals within each age category, typically expressed for males and females separately	13
12394610427	Population Pyramid	an age structure diagram that is widest at the bottom and smallest at the top, typical of developing countries	14
12394610428	Population Momentum	continued population growth that does not slow in response to growth reduction measures	15
12394610429	Demographic Transition	the theory that as a country moves from a subsistence economy to industrialization and increased affluence it undergoes a predictable shift in population growth	16
12394610430	Family Planning	the practice of regulating the number or spacing of offspring through the use of birth control	17
12394610431	Affluence	the state of having plentiful wealth; the possession of money, goods, or property	18
12394610432	IPAT Equation	Impact = Population x Affluence x Technology	19
12394610433	Urban Area	an area that contains more than 385 people per square kilometer (1000 people per square mile)	20
12394610434	Gross Domestic Product (GDP)	a measure of the value of all products and services produced in a country in a year	21
12394610435	doubling time	the number of years it takes for a population to double	22
12394610436	rule of 70	doubling time in years=70/ growth rate in %	23
12394610437	net migration rate	the difference between immigration and emigration in a giver year per 1000 people	24
12394610438	Thomas Malthus	Said that human population was growing exponentially, while the food supply was growing linearly.	25
12394610439	Drives human population growth	Fertility rates, life expectancy, and migration rates	26
12394610440	How many people on Earth?	6.8 billion	27
12394610441	Phase 1 *Four phases of demographic transition	Slow population growth	28
12394610442	Phase 2	Rapid population growth	29
12394610443	Phase 3	Stable population growth	30
12394610444	Phase 4	Declining population growth	31
12394610445	Growth rate	(crude birth rate + immigration) - (crude death rate + emigration)/ 10	32
12394610452	Demographic Transition		33
12394610446	Most populous	China, India, and USA	34
12394610447	2.1	Replacement level fertility rate in developed countries	35
12394610448	Baby bomb time period	Added 79 million people	36
12394610449	Infant mortality rate best indicates	Reflection of level of nutrition and health care	37
12394610450	Transitional state	High birth rate, low death rate	38
12394610451	Four types of Gross Domestic Product	Consumer spending, investments, government spending, and exports minus imports	39