AP World History - Islam Flashcards

14917593961	Koran (Qur'an)	the holy book of Islam	0
14917593962	caliph	leader of islam, successor to Muhammad	1
14917593963	five pillars of islam	1) allah is the only god 2) pray 5 times a day facing mecca 3) fast during the month of Ramadan 4) give to poor 5) complete haji (journey to mecca)	2
14917593964	mecca	religious center of islam, where muhammad was born, trading center	3
14917593965	medina	city where muhammad was forced to relocate because those in mecca didn't approve of his practices and preachings	4
14917593966	sunnis	brach of islam supporting abu bakr and choosing leaders	5
14917593967	shia	brach of islam who supported ali and muhammad's family as successors	6
14917593968	umayyads treatment of converts	converts: taxed them and treated them as inferior / second class	7
14917593969	jizya	tax that non muslims had to pay	8
14917593970	ridda wars	wars following muhammad's death that restored the unity of islam	9
14917593971	mawali	converts to islam	10
14917593972	ulama	orthodox religious scholars who interpreted the Karan	11
14917593973	fall of umayyad	warriors resented authority from far away, we're not given their fair share of wealth and they saw the Damascus elite as corrupt this causes an uprising as these old warriors are replaced, rebels captured persia, iraq then syria	12
14917593974	damascus	city in syria where the umayyads shifted their political center to	13
14917593975	abbasid empire	took over after umayyad fall	14
14917593976	abbasid treatment of women & converts	women lost rights and authority, weren't allowed outside converts considered full members of community, no discrimination between them	15
14917593977	harem	place where women were secluded and kept by the abbasid empire	16
14917593978	baghdad	city in iraq where abbasid empire built their new capital	17
14917593979	buyids	persian invaders in 10th century, captured baghdad and told Abbasids what to do (controlled them against their will)	18
14917593980	sufi mystics	converted islams, responsible for its expansion	19
14917593981	crusades	christians invades muslim lands, muslims recaptured them, cultural diffusion occurs	20
14917593982	saladin	a muslim ruler who reconquered most kingdoms after being taken over by crusafes	21
14917593983	abbasid empire fall	mongols invaded	22