AP Biology Unit 3 Flashcards

10869158578	actin	USES MOTOR PROTEINS - A globular protein that links into chains, two of which twist helically about each other, forming microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements in cells	0
10869158579	Active transport	Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration gradient	1
10869163156	biosythesis	The process by which living organisms produce larger molecules from smaller ones.	2
10869163157	cell wall	A rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to a PLANT cell	3
10869163158	centrioles	a minute cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in animal cells, occurring in pairs and involved in the development of spindle fibers in cell division.	4
10869166201	centrosomes	Microtubule-organizing centers that help to form and organize the mitotic spindle during mitosis	5
10869166202	chloroplast	organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy	6
10869168875	contractile vacuole	The cell structure that collects extra water from the cytoplasm and then expels it from the cell	7
10869168876	cytoplasm	The space in the cell where cytosol is stored, think cytoplasm is the space in the beaker and the water is the cytosol	8
10869171368	cytoskeleton	A network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the cell to keep its shape, and aids in movement (has motor proteins)	9
10869171369	desmosomes	Anchoring junctions that prevent cells from being pulled apart, like a rivet!	10
10869174693	diffusion	Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.	11
10869174694	endocytosis	process by which a cell takes material into the cell by infolding of the cell membrane	12
10869177914	endomembrane system	A network of membranes inside and around a eukaryotic cell, related either through direct physical contact or by the transfer of membranous vesicles.	13
10869177915	endoplasmic reticulum	A system of membranes that is found in a cell's cytoplasm and that assists in the production, processing, and transport of proteins and in the production of lipids.	14
10869179912	epithelial	A body tissue that covers the surfaces of the body, inside and out	15
10869182392	equilibrium	A state of balance among the components of a system, no distict high & low	16
10869182393	eukaryotic	bigger than prokaryote, membrane-bound organelles, i.e. Animals, Plants, Protists, Fungi, Algae	17
10869184908	exocytosis	a process by which the contents of a cell vacuole are released to the exterior through fusion of the vacuole membrane with the cell membrane.	18
10869184909	facilitated diffusion	Movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels	19
10869187360	fluid mosaic model	model that describes the arrangement and movement of the molecules that make up a cell membrane	20
10869187361	gap junctions	Points that provide cytoplasmic channels from one cell to another with special membrane proteins.	21
10869192476	Golgi apparatus	stack of membranes in the cell that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum	22
10869985742	Golgi vesicles*	Organelles that attach carbohydrates and lipids to proteins	23
10869988201	hydrophilic	Having an affinity for water	24
10869988202	hydrophobic	Having no affinity for water	25
10869991761	hypertonic	when comparing two solutions, the solution with the greater concentration of solutes	26
10869991762	hypotonic	when comparing two solutions, the solution with the lesser concentration of solutes	27
10869996016	integral proteins	proteins that span the membrane.	28
10869996017	intermediate fibers	Moderately thick and mainly anchor organelles and enzymes to certain parts of the cell	29
10869999156	intermediate filaments	Threadlike proteins in the cell's cytoskeleton that are roughly twice as thick as microfilaments	30
10869999157	isotonic	when the concentration of two solutions is the same	31
10869999158	lipid	Energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.	32
10870002219	lyse	Cell bursting	33
10870002220	lysosomes	An organelle containing hydrolytic enzymes that break down macromolecules	34
10870005132	membrane	thin, flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell (semi-permeable and selectively permeable)	35
10870005133	microfilaments	Fine, threadlike proteins found in the cell's cytoskeleton and aid with structure and transportation	36
10870005134	microtubules	Thick hollow tubes that make up the cilia, flagella, and spindle fibers.	37
10870007571	mitochondria	Powerhouse of the cell, not part of endomembrane system	38
10870007572	mitosis	cell division in which the nucleus divides into nuclei containing the same number of chromosomes	39
10870007573	molarity	the number of moles of solute per liter of solution, used when determining hypertonic and hypotonic solutions	40
10870010398	nuclear envelope	layer of two membranes that surrounds the nucleus of a cell	41
10870010399	nucleolus	Found inside the nucleus and produces ribosomes	42
10870013499	oligosaccharides	short chains of three or more monosaccharides	43
10870013500	osmosis	Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane	44
10870044947	Osmosis Passive	diffusion of particles across a membrane	45
10871011186	permeable	penetrable; porous; allowing liquids or gas to pass through	46
10871011187	peroxisome	A microbody containing enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen, producing and then degrading hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).	47
10871011188	peripheral protein	A protein loosely bound to the surface of a membrane or to part of an integral protein and not embedded in the lipid bilayer.	48
10871015069	phospholipid	a lipid that contains phosphorus and that is a structural component in cell membranes	49
10871015070	phospholipid bilayer	A double layer of phospholipids that makes up plasma and organelle membranes.	50
10871021059	plasma membrane	A selectively-permeable phospholipid bilayer forming the boundary of the cells	51
10871021060	plasmodesmata	channels through cell walls that connect the cytoplasms of adjacent cells	52
10871025071	plasmolysis	Collapse of a walled cell's cytoplasm due to a lack of water	53
10871025072	plasmolyzed	plant cell in hypertonic solution	54
10871025073	pores	tiny openings in the cell membrane that allows certain substances to move in and out of the cell	55
10871028229	pressure potential	A component of water potential that consists of the physical pressure on a solution, which can be positive, zero, or negative, ZERO FOR LIVING THINGS	56
10871032840	prokaryotic	An organism whose cells do not have a membrane-bound nucleus	57
10871032841	protein synthesis	the formation of proteins by using information contained in DNA and carried by mRNA, happens at ribosome!	58
10871035543	ribosome	site of protein synthesis	59
10871035544	rough ER	ER that is dotted with ribosomes, abundant in cells that secrete proteins (because SO many ribosomes)	60
10871035574	semi-permeable	membranes that allow some substances through but not others	61
10871038909	smooth ER	no ribosomes, makes lipids, phospholipids, detoxifies alcohol and drugs, controls glycogen production in liver	62
10871038910	solute potential	A component of water potential that is proportional to the number of dissolved solute molecules in a solution and measures the effect of solutes on the direction of water movement; also called osmotic potential, it can be either zero or negative.	63
10871042617	tight junctions	prevent leakage of extracellular fluid across a layer of epithelial cells	64
10871042618	vacuole	Cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates	65
10871042619	vesicles cell	small membrane sacs that specialize in moving products into, out of, and within a cell	66
10871045204	water potential	The physical property predicting the direction in which water will flow, governed by solute concentration and applied pressure.	67