chapter 1 child psychology Flashcards

15104919657	why study child development	raising children, making social policy, understanding human nature	0
15104941162	7 enduring themes	nature v nurture, the active child, continuity/discontinuity, mechanisms of change, sociocultural context, individual differences, and research and children's welfare	1
15104975212	nature	biological, genome, hereditary, broad characteristics, specific preferences	2
15104985073	nurture	environments, physical and social	3
15105002666	nature and nurture	genetics influence behavior, behaviors/ experiences influence genetics, bidirectional effects	4
15105020685	epigenetic	modification of gene expression not the alteration of the genetic code	5
15105053293	the active child	children shape their own development: attention, language, play, chosen environments, friends, and activities	6
15105072851	continuity	small increments of change with age (skill by skill, task by task)	7
15105083474	discontinuity	change with age occurs in large shifts	8
15105097806	stage theories	Piaget, Freud, Erickson, Kohlberg	9
15105127613	continuity-discontinuity	depending on how you look and how often you look at the data (example heigh and amount of growth)	10
15105144886	mechanisms of change	genes and environment, continuous and discontinuous, brain structures and chemicals, cognitive processes and experiments	11
15105192010	Sociocultural context	people, physical environment, institutions, general characteristics of society	12
15105207813	cross cultural comparisons	co-sleeping and early child care	13
15105216121	within culture differences	race, ethnicity, socialeconomic status	14
15105228725	individual differences	different genetics, treatments by parents and others, reactions to similar experiences, and choices of environment	15
15105260215	scientific method	choose question, form hypothesis, test hypothesis, and use data to draw a conclusion	16
15105278677	reliability	consistency of a measure (consistent)	17
15105287121	validity	measure what is intended? (accurate)	18
15105295185	interrater reliability	between different raters, same behavior	19
15105304586	test-related reliability	same child, different occasions	20
15105313733	internal validity	wishing the experiment	21
15105318057	external validity	generalizability	22
15105338265	report-based measures	interviews and questionnaires (there are problems with self-reporting)	23
15105342903	observation-based	naturalistic and structured	24
15105352845	performance-based	academic skills and reaction time VERY STRUCTURED	25
15105371864	naturalistic observation	unobtrusive, environment is not controlled by researcher, occasional behaviors	26
15105380370	structured observations	identical situation and potential for bias	27
15105412478	correlational designs	association between two variables range from (positive correlation) 1.00 to -1.00 (negative correlation) CORRELATION DOES NOT = CAUSATION	28
15105441297	third variable problem	one thing could cause two events	29
15105460087	direction-of-causation problem	don't know what is causing the other event	30
15105494955	experimental design	random assignment, experimental control, independent and dependent variables	31
15105512312	cross sectional designs	different participants of various ages	32
15105526640	longitudinal designs	same participant is studied	33
15105548218	cross sectional advantages and disadvantages	advantages: efficient, less money, less likely to drop out disadvantages: can't study individual; development, cohort effects	34
15105573115	longitudinal advantages and disadvantages	advantages: studies individual differences disadvantages: participant may drop out, expensive, practice effects, and cohort effects	35