AP Review Flashcards

13618675510	Federalist No. 10	A large, diverse republic is the best way to control/tame the influence of factions	0
13618679516	Brutus No. I	The new government set up by the Constitution is all-too powerful; a confederation would be better	1
13618682143	Declaration of Independence	Document based on human liberty and consent of the governed; advocated a government set up freely by the people who maintain natural rights of life, liberty , and the pursuit of happiness.	2
13618685417	Articles of Confederation	U.S.'s first constitution that had no executive or national judiciary and based on heavy state sovereignty, ultimately creating a too-weak national government	3
13618689454	The U.S. Constitution	A document that sets up a federal republic with three independent, coequal branches of government and a Bill of Rights to limit government and protect individual liberty.	4
13618692285	Federalist No. 51	Separation of powers and checks & balances allow for an effective national government but will also protect individuals' liberties	5
13618699933	Letter From a Birmingham Jail	Encouraged non-violent protest against segregation and claimed that "justice too long delayed is justice denied."	6
13618704968	Federalist No. 70	A single executive is most effective because he/she can more easily be held accountable	7
13618709744	Federalist No. 78	Advocates creating the "least powerful" branch of government that can settle disputes, check the other two branches, and be politically insulated with lifetime appointments.	8
13618714412	Marbury v. Madison	Establishes the power of Judicial Review of the Supreme Court	9
13618717776	McCulloch v. Maryland	Congress does have Implied Powers and the Supremacy Clause gives the national government power to supersede state action; e.g. taxing a national bank	10
13618725788	Schenck v. United States	Upholds national Sedition & Espionage laws, allowing government to limit speech if it constitutes a "clear & present danger."	11
13618728603	Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas	Overruled the Plessy v. Ferguson doctrine of "separate but equal;" banned racial segregation in public schools	12
13618732886	Baker v. Carr	Allows the Supreme Court to rule on state redistricting disputes; paves the way for the "one person, one vote" principle	13
13618737690	Engel v. Vitale	Schools cannot sanction a voluntary prayer even if it is non-denominational; violation of the Establishment Clause	14
13618744693	Gideon v. Wainright	Incorporates the 6th Amendment's guaranteed right to counsel even if the accused cannot afford one; i.e. public defender	15
13618751941	Tinker v. Des Moines	Student speech can be limited in schools if it disrupts the learning environment or violates others' rights; students do not "shed their constitutional rights at the school house door."	16
13618756851	NY Times v. United States	The U.S. must maintain a free press unless the government can prove a national security threat; the president may not hide information (Pentagon Papers) from the public	17
13618762682	Wisconsin v. Yoder	Incorporates the Free Exercise Clause: states can't force people to go to school if they object on religious/moral grounds.	18
13618770915	Roe v. Wade	Enhanced privacy rights from precedent case Griswold v. Connecticut by legalizing abortion	19
13618774579	Shaw v. Reno	"Bizarrely shaped" congressional districts are indicative of racial gerrymandering and thus unconstitutional	20
13618783606	United States v. Lopez	Congress took unconstitutional power in using the Commerce Clause to ban guns in all U.S. school zones.	21
13618789118	McDonald v. Chicago	Incorporates the 2nd Amendment: overturns a state law regulating citizen access to handguns	22
13618794855	Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission	Government ban on political spending by corporations or labor unions violates the 1st Amendment guarantee of free speech. "Money is speech; Corporations are people."	23