AP Language - Fallacies Flashcards

12319246403	red herring	introducing an irrelevant issue to divert attention from the subject under discussion	0
12319253894	ad hominem	attacking the person rather than dealing with the real issue in dispute	1
12319263137	faulty analogy	an illogical, misleading comparison between two things	2
12319295270	straw man	choosing a deliberately poor or oversimplified example in order to ridicule and refute an idea	3
12319309430	false dilemma	oversimplification that offers a limited number of options (usually two) when in fact more options are available.	4
12319314353	hasty generalization	assuming a conclusion from limited evidence	5
12319328260	circular reasoning	repeating a claim as a way to provide evidence	6
12319336474	post hoc ergo propter hoc	assuming that X is the cause of Y because X happened before Y	7
12319359334	appeal to false authority	when someone who has no expertise to speak on an issue is cited as an authority	8
12319364542	bandwagon appeal	a claim that a listener should accept an argument because of how many other people have already accepted it	9
12319372451	tu quoque	avoiding the main argument by accusing the speaker of hypocrisy	10
12319391268	missing the point	the premises of an argument do support a particular conclusion—but not the conclusion that the arguer actually draws	11
12319394857	appeal to pity	when an arguer tries to get people to accept a conclusion by making them feel sorry for someone	12
12319433724	appeal to ignorance	arguing that a lack of evidence proves something	13
12319455903	begging the question	when an arguer ignores an important (but questionable) assumption that the argument rests on	14
12319474789	equivocation	sliding between two or more different meanings of a single word or phrase that is important to the argument	15
12320990966	slippery slope	when an arguer claims that a chain reaction will take place, usually ending in some dire consequence, but there's not enough evidence for that assumption	16