AP Biology Cell Membrane Flashcards

Cell membrane structure and functions

15225683037	Selective Permeability	Allows some substances to cross more easily than others	0
15225683038	Amphipathic	molecule that has both a hydrophillic region and a hydrophobic region such as a phosopholipid	1
15225683040	Integral Proteins	Proteins that extend through the phospholipid bilayer.	2
15225683042	Glycoproteins	proteins that have carbohydrates covalently bonded to them	3
15225683044	Concentration Gradient	a difference in the concentration of a substance across a space	4
15225683046	Osmosis	The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane	5
15225683047	Transport Proteins	proteins that help to transport substances across cell membranes	6
15225683048	Aquaporins	Channel proteins that help massive amount of water pass through the membrane; a lot in our kidneys	7
15225683049	Passive Transport	movement of materials through a cell membrane without using energy	8
15225683050	Isotonic	a solution whose solute concentration equals that inside a cell; the cell will not change	9
15225683051	Hypertonic	the solution with the greater concentration of solutes than that inside the cell; the cell will lose water to its environment--> Cell will shrivel up	10
15225683052	Hypotonic	the solution with the lower concentration of solutes than that inside the cell; water will enter the cell -> Cell will swell and burst	11
15225683053	Osmoregulation	The control of water balance	12
15225683055	Plasmolysis	As a plant cell shrivels its plasma membrane pulls away from the wall	13
15225683056	Facilitated Diffusion	passive transport of ions or polar molecules across a plasma membrane by transport proteins	14
15225683057	Active Transport	transport of a substance through a cell membrane against the concentration gradient; requires energy	15
15225683059	Exocytosis	process by which a cell releases large amounts of material by vesicles	16
15225683060	Endocytosis	the movement of a substance into a cell by a vesicle	17
15225683061	Phagocytosis	a type of endocytosis in which microbes are taken in by immune cells of animals (mainly by macrophages)	18
15225683062	Pinocytosis	cellular drinking	19
15225683063	Receptor-mediated endocytosis	Taking in large amount of specific substances by binding to receptors, which form vesicles and are then taken in by the cell	20
15225794403	Phosphatase	enzyme that removes a phosphate	21
15225801979	second messenger	a substance inside a cell that brings about response by cell	22
15225823421	Trabsduction	conversion of signal from outside cell to for that can bring about a specific cellular response	23
15225852581	Steroids	lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four fused rings	24
15225855714	Receptor	binds to chemical messengers such as hormones sent by other cells	25
15225864812	Glycolipids	carbohydrates covalently bonded to lipids	26
15225878501	channel proteins	facilitate the transport of substances across a cell membrane	27
15225882954	carrier proteins	a protein that transports substances across a cell membrane (Binds to shape)	28
15225892185	g protein	GTP binding protein that relays signals from plasma membrane signal reception	29
15225902662	hormone	a secreted chemical that acts on specific target cells in other parts of the body	30
15225919523	ligand	A molecule that binds specifically to another molecule, usually a larger one.	31
15225927552	protein kinase	one of a group of enzymes that activate or inactivate other proteins by phosphorylating (adding phosphate groups) to them	32
15225939000	paracrine signaling	secreted molecules diffuse locally and trigger a response in neighboring cells	33
15225949139	synaptic signaling	electrical signal along a nerve cell releases chemical signal in form of neurotransmitters and stimulates a cell across synapse	34
15225960956	endocrine signaling	Specialized cells release hormone molecules into vessels of the circulatory system, by which they travel to target cells in other parts of the body.	35