Biochemistry Flashcards

14367396778	Chiral amino acids	all but glycine	0
14367397690	S configuration amino acids	all but cysteine	1
14367399513	Nonpolar, non aromatic amino acids	glycine, leucine, arginine, alanine, methionine. lysine, valine, isoleucine, histidine, proline	2
14367406242	Positively charged amino acids	arginine, lysine, histidine	3
14367407168	Negatively charged amino acids	aspartic acid, glutamic acid	4
14367408539	Polar amino acid	serine, threonine, cysteine, asparagine, glutamine	5
14367411339	Aromatic side chains	tryptophan, phenylalanine, tyrosine	6
14367523385	Peptide bond formation	condensation/dehydration reaction with a nucleophilic amino group attacking an electrophilic carbonyl	7
14367529079	Peptide bond broken	by hydrolysis	8
14367529947	Primary structure	linear sequence of amino acids	9
14367531713	Secondary structure	local structure, stabilized by hydrogen bonding (alpha-helices, beta sheets)	10
14367535666	Tertiary structure	three-dimensional structure stabilized by hydrophobic interactions, acid-base interactions (salt bridges), hydrogen bonding, and disulfide bonds	11
14367541937	Quaternary structure	interactions between subunits	12
14367544256	Enzymes	like all catalysts, lower the activation energy necessary for reactions. They do not alter free energy (delta G) or enthalpy (delta H) change that accompanies the reaction nor the final equilibrium position; rather, they change the rate (kinetics) at which equilibrium is reached.	13
14367556410	Ligases	responsible for joining two large biomolecules, often of the same type	14
14367556425	Isomerases	catalyze the interconversion of isomers, including both constitutional and stereoisomers	15
14367558973	Lyases	catalyze cleavage without the addition of water and without the transfer of electrons. The reverse reaction (synthesis) is usually more biologically important.	16
14367561684	Hydrolases	catalyze cleavage with the addition of water	17
14367562515	Oxidoreductases	catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions that involve the transfer of electrons	18
14367564461	Transferases (kinases)	move a functional group from one molecule to another molecule, catalyze the transfer of a phosphate group, generally from ATP, to another molecule	19
14367600547	Saturation Kinetics	As substrate concentration increases, the reaction rate does as well until a maximum value is reached	20
14367602809	V= Vmax[S] / Km + [S]	Michaelis-Menten equation	21
14367605766	At one half Vmax, [S] =	Km	22
14367607987	competetive inhibitor	binds at active site, increases Km and no change on Vmax	23
14367661263	non-competitive inhibitor	binds at allosteric site, no change on Km, and decreases Vmax	24
14367667279	Mixed inhibitor		25