AP US History - Cotton, Slavery, and The Old South Flashcards

11334768811	Upper South	The states of Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Arkansas; designation used in the Civil War and pre-civil war.	0
11334768812	Lower South	States of Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina	1
11334768813	Long-staple cotton vs. short-staple cotton	Long-staple cotton was easier to process than short staple cotton however short staple could grow in a wide variety of climates.	2
11334768814	Expansion of cotton production	By the time of the Civil War cotton was nearly two-thirds of the export trade in the United States it brought in nearly $200 million a year.	3
11334768815	King Cotton	cotton and cotton-growing considered, in the pre-Civil War South, as a vital commodity, the major factor not only in the economy but also in politics.	4
11334768816	Cotton Kingdom	Areas in the south where cotton farming developed because of the high demand for cotton, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana and Texas (partly Florida)	5
11334768817	Slave Trade	The business of capturing, transporting, and selling people as slaves which had a major part in the Souths economy as slaves were needed to keep up cotton production. Loss of slavery would greatly hurt the South.	6
11334768818	Tredegar Iron Works	The most important single manufacturing enterprise in the Old South. It used mostly slave labor to produce cannon, shot, and shell, axes, saws, bridge materials, boilers, and steam engines, including locomotives.	7
11334768819	"factors"	These were the brokers that marketed the Southern crops. They also loaned money to the planters.	8
11334768820	southern banking system	Primitive banking system did not allow for structures necessary for industrial development. Inadequate transport system: few roads, canals, national railroads.	9
11334768821	southern road system	Very few roads due to little government funding the roads that existed were often in bad condition.	10
11334768822	"colonial dependency"	The south was very dependent on the north for many things. Since farming was profitable land owners never felt the need to invest in any thing else.	11
11334768823	Southern "Cavalier" Image	The southerns "Cavalier" way of life they believed was more focused on a refined and gracious way of life as supposed to the Norths rapid expansion.	12
11334768824	Planter Class	whites that owned at least 20 to 50 slaves and 800 or more acres; exercised immense power and influence over political, economic, and social of region; brought political/economic power to deep south	13
11334768825	"Old South"	"antebellum era" 1830-1860 southern slave labor states that produced cotton which dominated the economy of the South	14
11334768826	Southern "Honor"	Honor in the south was to defend oneself's "Manhood" through dueling to save your stature in society.	15
11334768827	"Southern Lady"	Southern Ladies were often less engaged in public activities and were more subordinate. Women like children had the right to protection in the South.	16
11334768828	Plantation Mistress	The wife of the plantation owner in the south considered more of an ornament than a spouse.	17
11334768829	"Plain Folk"	Typical white southern, not a great planter, but a yeomen farmer with a few slaves or no slaves at all. Usually devoted to subsistence farming (farming what you can eat). Not much social mobility.	18
11334768830	Southern Educational System	Many universities however only elite were able to attend elementary and secondary schools weaker also in south.	19
11334768831	"Hill People"	Nonslaveowning whites who opposed the planter elite. They lived in the Appalachian ranges east of the Mississippi, in the Ozarks to the west of the river, and in other	20
11334768832	"Clay Eaters"	Demeaningly called clay eater these were people who lived in the infertile pine barrens and hunted and foraged for food.	21
11334768833	Southern Perceptions of Race	Southerner's during this time period looked down upon other races especially Africans. Anyone who had any amount of African blood in them was automatically considered black.	22
11334768834	Slave Codes	laws that controlled the lives of enslaved african americans and denied them basic rights	23
11334768835	Gang System	used with large plantations for people who had more slaves. under this system enslaved people were organized into work gangs that labored from sunup to sundown.	24
11334768836	Task System	A system of slave labor under which a slave had to complete a specific assignment each day. After they finished, their time was their own. Used primarily on rice plantations.	25
11334768837	Life Under Slavery	slave auctions that seperated family, poor living conditions, small food rations	26
11334768838	Irish Laborers In The South	Irish laborers were used commonly instead of slaves for many dangerous tasks as after the slave trade became prohibited slaves were considered more valuable as you could always hire another Irishman.	27
11334768839	Sexual Abuse Under Slavery	Many female slaves were sexual abused by their owners; most children that came out of these affairs were considered illegitimate and children went into slavery.	28
11334768840	Original Intent Of Segregation	intent was to keep the slaves away from ideas of freedom and running away.	29
11334768841	Free Blacks In The South	250,000 in south most earned freedom by marketing a skill such as blacksmithing separate from their masters many restrictions placed on free blacks in the south.	30
11334768842	Manumit	to grant freedom to slaves; to emancipate	31
11334768843	Amistad	(1839) Spanish slave ship dramatically seized off the coast of Cuba by the enslaved Africans aboard; the ship was driven ashore in Long Island and the slaves were put on trial; former president John Quincy Adams argued their case before the Supreme Court, securing their eventual release	32
11334768844	Sambo	was an extreme sterotype of slaves. the sambo acted out the role that the white world expected them to. This was in most cases, only an act in front of the white people	33
11334768845	Slave Rebel	Known in the south as a slave who would not accept their position. forever rebellious in the eyes of their masters.	34
11334768846	Examples Of Slave Revolts	Nat Turner was a slave preacher who led an uprising of slaves house to house killing men, women, and children. Running away and not working effectively also ways to revolt.	35
11334768847	Slave Patrols	Vigilante groups that enforced discipline on slaves and apprehended runaway slaves seeking freedom.	36
11334768848	Passive Resistance & Sabotage	sabotaging: Breaking provided tools and work supplies. Resistance: Not working to full potential.	37
11334768849	pidgin	A simplified form of speech developed from two or more languages(in the south English and African words).	38
11334768850	Slave Music	way of slaves expressing themselves; used with dance; banjo, voices, and song; used to pass the time	39
11334768851	Slave Religion	Most became Christian fusing African and American religions togetherand drew own conclusion of scripture; most popular when God freed the Hebrews but white wanted them to know about humility and to stay in their place; Black Methodists dance in worship and formed the ringshout dance; all enjoyed songs w/ messages of escape and rebellion	40
11334768852	Slave Families	Tight family bonds, most families were not typical because they were often separated because of auctions	41
11334768853	Adopted Family	Communities as a whole adopted in members who had been sold at auction away from their blood family members.	42
11334768854	Southern Paternalism	was an instrument of white control; made slaves believe they were dependent on their masters.	43