fecundity - determined by timing, energy, expense, delayed implantation

• timing based on biorhythm
  • eggs readiness sometimes linked w/ seasonal changes
• waits for favorable conditions (kept eggs in stasis)
• self-preservation more important than reproduction

artificial selection - breeding to get a specific trait

• natural selection creates organism w/ most favorable characteristics
• bell curve represents average characteristics
  • disruptive selection - favors an extremes, creates dip in bell curve
  • direction selection - favors a particular extreme
  • stabilizing selection - favors the average