Compounds
molecules - combination of 2+ atoms bound tightly together
- chemical formula - uses chemical symbols and subscripts to show what elements are in the compound
- diatomic molecule - made of just 2 atoms (exists naturally in this state); includes the halogens (exluding astatine), oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen
- molecular compounds - contains more than 1 type of atom
- empirical formula - shows the subscripts of the molecular formula in the smallest possible ratio
- structural formula - shows how the substances are bonded to each other
- perspective drawing - structural formula written to give a sense of 3D shape
- ball-and-stick model - shows atoms as spheres, bonds as sticks
- space-filling model - shows relative sizes of atoms up in size
- ion - charged particle formed when electrons are added/removed from an atom
- cation - positively charged ion
- anion - negatively charged ion
- polyatomic ions - molecules with a net charge
- charges relate to the atomic position on the periodic table
- ionic compounds - contains both positively/negatively charged ions; generally combinations of metals/nonmetals
- molecular compounds - contains nonmetals only
ammonium NH4+
acetate C2H3O2-
acetic HC2H3O2
hydronium H3O+
hydrogen carbonate HCO3-
carbonic H2CO3
hypochlorite ClO-
hypochlorous HClO
phosphite PO33-
chlorite ClO2-
chlorous HClO2
phosphate PO43-
chlorate ClO3-
chloric HClO3
perchlorate ClO4-
perchloric HClO4
carbonate CO32-
bromate BrO3-
chromic H2CrO4
chromate CrO42-
hydroxide OH-
hydrobromic HBrO3
dichromate Cr2O72-
nitrite NO2-
nitrous HNO2
oxalate C2O42-
nitrate NO3-
nitric HNO3
sulfite SO32-
iodate IO3-
oxalic H2C2O4
sulfate SO42-
permanganate MnO4-
phosphorous H3PO3
peroxide O22-
cyanide CN-
phosphoric H3PO4
thiocyanate SCN-
sulfurous H2SO3
sulfuric H2SO4
hydrocyanic HCN