concentration - amount of solute dissolved in a given quantity of solvent

• greater the solute >> greater the concentration
• molarity = moles of solute / liters of solution
• concentrations of electrolytic solutions depends on chemical formula
  • can be given as molarity of compound or molarity of individual ions
• molarity can be used as conversion factor between volume of solution and moles of solute

dilution - lowers the concentration of a solution by adding water

• stock solutions - solutions in concentrated form
• moles of solute before dilution = moles of solute after dilution
• molarity of concentrated solution * volume of concentrated solution = molarity of diluted solution * volume of diluted solution

chemical analysis - convert to moles to find relationships between reactants/products  

titration - determines concentration of a particular solute in a solution  

• combines sample of solution w/ standard solution (reagent solution of known concentration)
• can be conducted suing acid-base, precipitation, or redox reactions
• equivalence point - point when stoichiometrically equivalent quantities are brought together
• indicators - acid-base dyes that show when the equivalence point is reached
• end point - when the color change of dyes occur; usually very close to equivalence point