characteristics of angiosperms - most successful/diverse plant phylum

• all have seeds in fruits
• dominant sporophyte, microscopic gametophyte
• divided into monocots/dicots
• dicots - less advanced than monocots
  • stem vascular bundles in ring
  • root vascular bundle in x-shape
  • taproot
  • netted veins in leaves
  • 2 cotyledons
• monocots - fibrous root in place of taproot
  • stem vascular bundle scattered
  • root vascular bundles in ring
  • parallel veins in leaves
  • single cotyledon

pollination/fertilization -

• pollen lands in sticky stigma
• tube nuclear creates pollen tube into ovary
• double fertilization creates zygote and endosperm
• embryo sac - gametophyte portion that holds the egg
• hilum - where ovule attaches to ovary
• micropyle - seed opening through which pollen tube grows

flower structure -

• peduncle - holds up the flower
• receptacle - at base of flower
• sepal/calyx - protects emerging bud
• petal/corolla - attracts pollinators
• androecium (stamen) - male reproductive structure
  • anther - produces the pollen
  • filament - holds up the anther
• gynoecium - female reproductive structure
  • stigma - receives pollen
  • style - connects stigma w/ ovary
  • ovary - makes the ovules

fruit structure - ripened ovaries

• contains seeds (mature ovules)
• can be dry or fleshy
• pericarp (exocarp, mesocarp, endocarp) and placental tissues