vegetative structures - roots, shoots, leaves

• roots - anchors plant in soil, absorbs water/minerals, stores carbohydrates
• shoots - supports plant, transports solutes/water, stores carbohydrates
• leaves - site for photosynthesis, area of gas exchange/transpiration

roots - 4 regions (root cap, apical meristem, elongation, maturation)

• amyloplasts - store carbohydrates
• xylem - transfers water/minerals
• phloem - transfers food
• pericycle - produces secondary roots

shoots (stem) - herbaceous in monocots, woody in dicots

• pith - center of stem used for food storage
• vascular cambium - responsible for secondary growth
• node - where leaf attaches to stem
• internode - space between nodes
• axillary bud - produces branch/flower
• terminal bud - contains apical meristem
• cutin - waxy, waterproof layer around epidermis
• periderm - minimizes water loss when epidermis ruptures
• lenticles - for gas exchange

leaves - made of blade and petiole

• phyllotaxis - arrangement of leaves
• palisade mesophyll - on top, main area of photosynthesis
• spongy mesophyll - on bottom, contains most of the stomata