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Numbers

How to use numbers  

  • be consistent when deciding whether to use numerals or words to represent numbers
  • use numerals in scientific papers or projects that use numbers often
  • start sentences with words, not numerals

Instances when you always use numerals  

  • with abbreviations and symbols
  • with units of measurement
  • in addresses
  • in dates
  • in decimals
  • in page numbers
  • time

Instances when you always use words  

  • if the number begins a sentence
  • if the number can be written in one or two words
  • if a non-statistical number is used in a sentence with other statistical numbers
  • time followed by o'clock or if telling time in quarters, halves, or hours

Dates and Time  

  • use words for centuries
  • use words or numerals for decades
  • BC follows the year number
  • AD comes before the year number
  • could also use BCE or CE, both placed after the year

Inclusive Numbers  

  • for three digit number ranges, give only the last two digits of the second number unless more are needed to prevent misunderstanding
  • for a range of years, take out the first two digits of the second year if they're the same as the ones on the first year (1987-98)
  • write out the year numbers in a range if the first two digits are different (1900-2001)
  • don't abbreviate year numbers for years before AD 1 or 1 CE

Roman Numerals  

  • use capitalized ones in outlines or after names of people
  • use lowercase roman numerals when writing the page numbers for an introductory section
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