Sound devices - used to emphasize certain sounds in writing  

• alliteration - the repetition of initial consonant sounds
• assonance - the repetition of vowel sounds in neighboring words
• consonance - repetition of middle or final consonant sounds in neighboring words
• meter - regular pattern of stressed and ustressed syllables; gives poems a pattern
• free verse - poetry with no fixed pattern of meter or rhyme
• blank verse - poetry written in iambic pentameter

Figurative devices - expresses truth beyond the literal level  

• simile - direct comparison between unlike things using "like" or "as"
• metaphor - comparison of two unlike things without using "like" or "as"
• personification - a figure os peech that describes an animal, an inanimate object, an idea, or a force of nature as if it were alive or had human traits or feelings
• hyperbole - an extreme exaggeration
• imagery - use of details to appeal to the senses
• metonymy - figure of speech using a term closely associated with another in its place
• synecdoche - figure of speech using a word referring to a part of something as a substitute for the word representing the whole