Types of appeals  

• Logical appeal (Logos)- using facts to prove a point
• Emotional appeal (Ethos)- "striking a chord" with the audience
• Personal appeal (Pathos)- showing the audience that you are honest and a good person

Types of audiences  

• Supportive - these people already support your cause
• Uncommitted - haven't made up their minds
• Indifferent - don't care about whatever the subject is
• Opposed - against your idea; just try to get a fair chance to speak with these people

Fallacies - errors in reasoning  

• Hasty generalization
• False premise
• Circumstantial evidence
• Mistaken causality
• Playing the numbers
• False analogy
• Ignoring the question
• Begging the question

Types of reasoning  

• Induction - using specific examples to reach a general conclusion
• Deduction - using a general rule to prove specific cases
• Analogy - "this is to this as this is to this"