I. Prehistory
    A. Bering Land Bridge
    B. Hundreds of independent tribes
    C. Civilizations – Mayans – Central, Incas – South, Aztecs – Mexico
    D. Mount Builders – Ohio

II. Early Discoverers
    A.    Vikings – Leif Ericsson – Greenland – Northern Canada – 1000 AD
    B.    Italian Christopher Columbus – for Spain – 1492 - Guanahani

III. Spanish/Portugese Exploration
    A.    Reasons for exploring
        a.    Wealthy nations – gold based
        b.    Renaissance – optimism/humanism – we can do anything
        c.    Trade routes
        d.    Printing press – ideas spread
        e.    Mariner’s compass – exploration possible
    B.    Spain – peace w/ Isabella and Ferdinand uniting plus no Moors/Muslims
        a.    Conquistadores – Spanish – gold/glory – fighting tradition
    C.    Portugal
        a.    Looking water route to Asia – brought slavery from Africa
    D.    Treaty of Tordesillas – 1494 – Pope divides New World
        a.    Brazil to Portugal – Rest to Spain

IV. Explorers – conquest – weapons + disease + use rival tribes
A.    Ponce de Leon – fountain of youth
B.    Pizarro – defeated Incas
C.    Cortez – defeated Aztecs/Montezuma

V. Spanish
    A. Encomienda System – Spaniard gets land and all inhabitants become laborers
    B. Missions – Junipero Serra – San Diego + 21 missions
        a. Spread religion – centers of trade/education
        b. “Black Legend” – missionaries kill Indians – disease kind of true

VI. Exchange of goods
A.    Improved diet of Europeans – corn, tobacco, tomato, avocado – balanced
B.    Cattle, horses, germs to New World