When: 1863 What: Copperhead Democrat and Ohio ex-congressmen Why: Vallandigham was a Southern partisan who publicly demanded an end to the " wicked and cruel" war. The civil courts in Ohio were open, and he should have been tried in them. But he was convicted by a military tribunal in 1863 for treasonable utterance and was sentenced to prison. Lincoln decided to banish Vallandigham to the Confederate lines. Vallandigham ran for governorship of Ohio on foreign soil and polled a substantial but insufficient vote. He returned to his own state before the war ended and was not further prosecuted. The strange case of Vallandigham inspired Edward Everett Hale to write his moving fictional story of Philip Nolan, " The Man without a Country" ( 1863).