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| 3806490278 | Origin of Replication | 1) Site is located 2) Initiator protein binds to the site. Strands separate. 3) replication bubble forms 4)replication proceeds in both directions until two identical strands are formed. | 0 | |
| 3806490279 | Replication for Eukaryotes |  | 1 | |
| 3806490280 | Replication Fork | Y-Shaped Region where the parental Strands of DNA are being unwound. | 2 | |
| 3806490281 | Helicases | Enzymes that untwist the double helix at the forks. | 3 | |
| 3806490282 | single-strand binding proteins | bind to the unpaired DNA strands, keeping them from re-pairing. | 4 | |
| 3806490283 | Topoisomerase | enzyme that relieves the tight strain breaking swiveling and rejoining DNA strands. | 5 | |
| 3806490284 | Primer | The initial RNA chain that is produced during DNA synthesis. The completed primer is base-paired to the template strand. | 6 | |
| 3806490285 | Primase | the enzyme that synthesizes primer by adding RNA nucleotides one at a time using the parental DNA strand as a template. | 7 | |
| 3806490286 | DNA polymerases | catalyze the synthesis of new DNA by adding nucleotides to a preexisting chain. In E. coli, DNA nucleotides are added to the RNA primer, then to the rest of the strand with nucleotides complementary to the parent strand by DNA polymerase III. | 8 | |
| 3806490287 | Elongation | The process of adding more and more nucleotides to a strand. | 9 | |
| 3806490288 | Nucleoside Triphosphate | a nucleoside ( with 3 phosphate groups) that provides the nucleotides that are added to the DNA strand. It differs from ATP at the sugar component Deoxyribose vs ribose. | 10 | |
| 3806490289 | polymerization reaction | As monomers join the growing strand, 2 phosphate groups are severed as a molecule of pyrophosphate. | 11 | |
| 3806490290 | Leading Strand | Only one primer is required for poly III to begin synthesizing the leading strand. The leading strand is at the 3' head. |  | 12 |
| 3806490291 | Lagging Strand | elongates away from the fork. It is synthesized in segments. | 13 | |
| 3806490292 | Okazaki fragments | are the segments of the lagging strand. | 14 | |
| 3806490293 | Leading Strand vs Lagging Strand | The leading strand is synthesized continously while lagging strand Okazaki fragments are synthesized in segments. |  | 15 |
| 3806490294 | Lagging Strand | Fragment 2 is primed by RNA primer #2, DNA polymer 3 adds DNA nucleotiD des. Primer detaches, Polymer 1 |  | 16 |
| 3806490295 | What regulates the DNA replication Complex? | primase acts as a brake, slowing progress of of the replication fork: coordinating the placement of primers and replication rates on the leading/lagging strands. | 17 | |
| 3806490296 | What moves? DNA strand or the DNA complex? | The replication complex does not move, rather the strand moves through complex. | 18 | |
| 3806490297 | What proofreads/repairs DNA? | DNA polymerases proofread each nucleotide against its template, upon finding an error, the polymerase removes the nucleotide and resumes synthesis. | 19 | |
| 3806490298 | The Bigger Picture: |  | 20 | |
| 3806490299 | DNA pol III |  | 21 | |
| 3806490300 | DNA Ligase |  | 22 | |
| 3806490301 | DNA pol I |  | 23 | |
| 3806490302 | Single-Strand Binding Protein |  | 24 | |
| 3806490303 | The Leading Strand... |  | 25 | |
| 3806490304 | Primase and Primer |  | 26 | |
| 3806490305 | Mismatch Pair | other enzymes remove and replace these incorrect nucleotides. This defect allows cancer-causing errors to accumulate in DNA faster than normal. | 27 | |
| 3806490306 | DNA repair | DNA is constantly exposed to harmful chemical agents "cigarrete smoke and X-rays. Each cell continually monitors and repairs genetic material. | 28 | |
| 3806490307 | Mutation | a permanent change in DNA | 29 | |
| 3806490308 | What prevents DNA chromosomes from shortening to nothing? | telomeres are nucleotide sequences that do not contain genes; instead; repetition of one short sequence. Telomeric DNA acts as a buffer zone that protects mutations or stagger-end trigger cell death) | 30 | |
| 3806490309 | Telomeres | provide protective function by postponing erosion of genes located near the ends of DNA molecules. | 31 | |
| 3806490310 | Shortening of Strands with Successive Replication |  | 32 | |
| 3806490311 | chromatin | complex of DNA and protein. DNA is precisely combined with a large amount of protein. | 33 |
