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3rd millennium BC

WHAP

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World History/Ancient Civilizations Maps | Resources | Contributors? Corner 1 Before the Rise of Civilization Early people were nomadic hunter-gatherers and lived o? the land. Over time, nomadic groups of foragers and hunters began to settle down. The pastoral society helped to further tie groups to speci?c areas of land. The rais- ing of animals created strains on nomadic peoples to ?nd large and reliable sources of food to feed their growing population of animals. Drawbacks at the onset of civi- lization were that they were unusually aggressive, babies were greatly dependent for many years on adult care, and they were aware of the inevitability of death. However, they had several advantages, such as opposable thumbs, ease of reproduction, the ability to adapt to varying phys-

The Earth And Its Peoples, 3rd Edition Vocabulary Flashcards for Chapters 1-3

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Agricultural Revolution The change from food- gathering to food production that occurred between 8000 and 2000 BCE Akhenaten ruled Egypt from 1353-1335 BCE; created a religious revelution by imposing worship of the sun-disk god; built a new capital at Amarna Amulets Small charms meant to protect the bearer from evil Babylon Largest and most important city in Mesopotamia; capital of Amorite king Hammurabi Carthage founded by the Phoenicians; became a major commercial center and naval power in the western Mediterranean until defeated by Rome in 300 BCE Chavin first major urban civilization in South America City-state Self-governing urban center and the agricultural territories it controlled Civilization Term used to denote more

AP The earth and its people Chapter 2 notes

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Chapter 2 New Civilizations in the Eastern and Western Hemispheres, 2200-250 B.C.E. Notes Chapter Thesis: In contrast to the river-valley civilizations of Mesopotamia, Egypt and the Indus Valley surveyed in the previous chapter, the complex societies examined in this chapter subsequently emerge in ecological conditions quite a bit more diverse, sometimes independently, sometimes under the influence of older centers. Whereas the river-valley civilizations were originally largely self-sufficient, each of the new civilizations discussed in this chapter and the next was shaped by the development of networks of long distance trade. Early China, 2000-221 B.C.E.

Chapter 2 Summary

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Chapter 2 The Rise of Civilization in the Middle East and Africa CHAPTER SUMMARY Full civilizations emerged first in the Tigris-Euphrates valley, by 3500 B.C.E., and in Egypt by 3000 B.C.E. along the Nile. The two very different civilizations had distinct political and cultural characteristics which influenced both neighboring and distant succeeding generations. Both civilizations encountered difficulties around 1000 B.C.E. as the rivervalley period ended, but by then they produced offshoots in neighboring regions. Setting the Scene: The Middle East by 4000 B.C.E. The first civilizations developed through gradual agricultural consolidation and technical advance. The resulting more complex economy created the need

The Earth and its People CH 1 Identifications

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Justin Park Justin Park Chapter 1: From the Origins of Agriculture to the First River-Valley Civilizations, 8000-1500 BCE (IDs and Significance) Before Civilization Civilization: an ambiguous term often used to denote more complex societies but sometimes used by anthropologists to describe any group of people sharing a set of cultural traits Culture: Socially transmitted patterns of action and expression. Material culture refers to physical objects, such as dwellings, clothing, tools, and crafts. Culture also includes arts, beliefs, knowledge, and technology History: The study of past events and changes in the development, transmission, and transformation of cultural practices

Chapter One: From the Origins of Agriculture to the 1st River-Valley Civilizations (8000 - 1500 B.C.E.)

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Chapter One: From the Origins of Agriculture to the 1st River-Valley Civilizations (8000 - 1500 B.C.E.) 1. Agricultural Revolution: more precise than "Neolithic Revolution" b/c emphasizes central role of food production & signals changeover occurred many times 2. amulets: small charms meant to protect bearer from evil; survival suggests widespread belief in magic (use of special words & rituals to manipulate forces of nature) 3. Babylon: most important city in southern Mesopotamia in 2nd & 1st millennia B.C.E. 4. city-state: self-governing urban center & agricultural territories it controlled 5. civilization: indicated by: -cities that served as administrative centers -political system based on control of defined territory rather than on kinship connections
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