| CourseNotes

Intro to Audiology Flashcards

717512457	Intensity	Perception of loudness	1
717512458	Cycle	One complete period of sound wave	2
717512459	Period	the length of time for a sine wave	3
717512460	Frequency	the number of cycles happening in one second	4
717512461	Pitch	Perception of freq	5
717512462	Hertz	(Hz) Unit of measure	6
717512463	Decibal	How we measure loudness of sound	7
717512464	SPL	Sound Pressure Level	8
717512465	Octave	freq interval between 1 tone and a tone twice the freq	9
717512466	Pure Tone	sound wave with only one tone of vib	10
717512467	complex sound	a wave that is not sinusoidal	11
717512468	Parts of the Outer Ear	Pinna or Auricle Ear Canal Tempanic Membrane	12
717512469	Parts of the Pinna	Helix, Lobule, and Concha, Tragus	13
717512470	Ear Canal	Narrow and not straight 23-29 mm long houses outer layer of the TM	14
717512471	3 layers the TM	Skin Fiber Mucus	15
717512472	2 parts to the TM	Pars Flacidia Pars Tensa	16
717512473	Umbo	a point to which skin regenerates itself	17
717512474	Bones of middle ear	Mallius Incus Stapes	18
717512475	3 terms for the bones of the middle ear	Hammer Anvil and the Stirrup	19
717512476	Eustation Tube	tube that drains to the nasopharynx and equalizes pressure.	20
717512477	ET	Eustation Tube	21
717512478	Annular Ligiment is attached to	Tensor Tympani- attached to the stapeduis muscle	22
717512479	Job of the middle ear	matches the energy transfer from the air for the outer ear to the fluid of the middle ear. impedience matching	23
717512480	Petrous Bone	Hardest Bone of the body. Contains the cochlea and Vestibular portion of the ears	24
717512481	Cochlea	-fluid filled tunnels out of the bone and looks like a snail shell -2.5 turns	25
717512482	Scalia Media	Has the membraneous cochlear partition Endolymph fluid	26
717512483	Thepartition then has a top and bottom "cavity" called?	Scala Vestibuli(top) and ScalaTympani (bottom). They meet at the Helicotrema.	27
717512484	ScalaTympani and Scala Vestibule fluid?	Perilymph fluid	28
717512485	oval window is located	Scala Vestibuli	29
717512486	round window is located	Scala Tympani	30
717512487	Reisner's membrane	the top covering of partition of the Scala Media	31
717512488	Basilar's membrane	the base of the partition	32
717512489	Organ of corti	Ridingon the Basilar'smembrane. containsthe sensory cell for hearing	33
717512490	outer hair cells	-Elongated -embedded in TM -three rows -innervated by efferent (motor) nerve fibers	34
717512491	inner hair cells	-elongated but bulbus at bottom -single row -free standing -innervated mostly by afferent (sensory) nerve fibers	35
717512492	C-S-L-I-M	C- Cochlear Nuclus S- Supior OlivaryComplex L- LateralLemniscus I- InferiorColliculus M- medial geniculate	36
717512493	when can a hearing disorder happen	-anytime in life -can be caused by an abnormality in a growing embryo -a newborn or young child -adult or elderly	37
717512494	Auditory Pathologies Categories	toxins (drugs, alcohol) trauma infection tumor and neoplastic growth	38
717512495	acquired hearing loss	-meningitis -chronic untreated ear infection -measles -mumps	39
717512496	Sensorineural Hearing loss	hearing loss caused by damage to the cochlea's receptor cells or to the auditory nerves; also called nerve deafness.	40
717512497	congenital hearing loss	hearing loss present at birth.	41
717512498	CMV	cytomegalo virus	42
717512499	carhart notch	frequently found in pts w/ otosclerosis, is a pattern of bone-conduction thresholds characterized by reduced bone-conduction sensitivity predominantly at 2000 Hz.	43
717512500	microtia	small ear- may not always cause hearing loss	44
717512501	atresa	absence of the ear. may effect one or both ears causes conductive hearing loss as great as 60 db	45
717512502	auricular malformations	anotia preauricular pits tags	46
717512503	anotia	absence of pinna	47
717512504	cholesteatoma	skin cyst located in the middle ear and skull bone (mastoid)	48
717512505	ceruminosis	excessive wax formation	49
717512506	stenosis	narrowing of the ear canal	50
717512507	otitis externa	inflammation of the external ear (including auricle and ear canal)	51
717512508	otitis media	inflammation of the middle ear.	52
717512509	carcinoma	any malignant tumor derived from epithelial tissue	53
717512510	glomus tumor	found in middle ear very vascularized causes pulsatile tinnitus	54
717512511	3 hearing disorders	congenital inherited acquired	55
717512512	exogenous	causes of something from outside the body	56
717512513	endogenous	actually inherited	57
717512514	teratogenic factors	effects of congenital infections -CMV -HIV -Rubella -syphilis -toxoplasmosis	58
717512515	syndromic hereditary hearing disorder	2 types syndromic hearing disorder nonsyndromic hearing disorder	59
717512516	syndromic hearing disorder	occurs as part of a constellation of other medical and physical disorders	60
717512517	nonsyndromic hearing disorder	an autosomal recessive or dominant genetic condition with the main feature being hearing loss	61
717512518	alport syndrome	usually have kidney problems as well	62
717512519	usher syndrome	causes the person to go deaf and blind	63
717512520	waardenburg syndrome	skunk tail two diff color eyes	64
717512521	NIHL	noise induced hearing loss	65
717512522	noise induced hearing loss	most common may have a TTS or PTS	66
717512523	meniere disease	over production of fluid common balance disease fluctuating hearing loss tinnitus vertigo runs in the family more common in women	67
717512524	audio gram	how we plot hearing graph depicting sensitivity	68
717512525	audiometer	tests hearing	69
717512526	3 components of the audiometer	oscillator attenuator interrupt switch	70
717512527	tones used for testing	500,1000,2000,4000	71
717512528	range of speech sounds	500,1k,2k,4k	72
717512529	hearing range	250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, 6000, 8000	73
717512530	attenuator	controls intensity of the signal	74
717512531	interrupter switch	controls the duration of the signal off for pure tone test on for speech testing	75
717512532	how do we hear the sound?	head phones, inserts, earphones, speakers, bone oscillator	76
717512533	2 routes to input sound	AC- air conduction BC- bone conduction	77
717512534	Air Conduction tells us...	the degree of loss	78
717512535	Bone Conduction tells us....	type of loss	79
717512536	AC can be defined as	sound transmitted from the outer ear through the middle ear then to the inner ear, or cochlea	80
717512537	VRA	visual reinforcement audiomentry (6 months +)	81
717512538	BC can be defined as	sound directly transmitted to the cochlea by vibs of the skull	82
717512539	ABR	Auditory Brain stem Response (infant/ newborn test)	83
717512540	masking	putting noise in one ear to distract that side/ear	84
717512541	DVR	Division Voke Rehab helping anyone working ans provide them with HeA	85
717512542	Graces Law	NJ based. Insurance has to give up to $1000 towards hearing aids for ages 0-15.	86
717512543	why kids have a higher incidence of otitus media	horizontal ET, daycare, allergies	87
717512544	true or false: SNHL is typically a temp HL	FALSE	88
717512545	colesteatoma forms here	middle ear	89
717512546	HL you are born with	congenital	90
717512547	infections that cause hearing loss	meningitis rubella CMV	91
717512548	how the cochlea is organized	tonotopic organization	92
717512549	the level that you can hear and understand speech 50% of the time	SRT	93
717512550	category of 90dB+	profound	94
717512551	left ear on an audio gram	BLUE X= AC >= BC	95
717512552	Right ear on an audio gram	RED O= AC <= BC	96
717512553	3 reasons you may see a conductive HL	wax otitus media block	97
717512554	moderate hearing loss	41-55 dB	98
717512555	equalizes pressure in middle ear system	ET	99
717512556	device that tests hearing	audiometer	100
717512557	frequencies used in hearing screening	500,1k,2k,4k	101
717512558	carhart notch	ostoslerosis BC score 2k htz	102
717512559	3 layers to the TM	skin fibrous mucus	103
717512560	UCL	Uncomfortable Level	104
717512561	name the way we can test hearing	inserts, speaker, headphone, ossolater/bone conduction	105
717512562	TM 2 parts	pars tensa pars flacidia	106
717512563	Level of audiology to practice	Doctorates	107
717512564	TTS	temporary threshold shift	108
717512565	PTS	permident threshold shift	109
717512566	3 parts of cochlea	scala vestibuli scala media scala tympani	110
717512567	otitus media is most prevalent	0-3yrs	111
717512568	membrane separates the SV from the SM. whats the other one?	Reisner's membrane	112
717716156	10- 25dB hearing loss	minimal	113
717716157	25-40dB hearing loss	mild	114
717716158	40-55dB hearing loss	moderate	115
717716159	55-70dB hearing loss	moderate severe	116
717716160	70-90dB hearing loss	severe	117
717716161	90-100db hearing loss	profound	118

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Speech Pathology Flashcards

Terms and Principles

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885286336	Impairment	Loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological, or anatomical structure or function.	1
885286337	Disabilty	Reduced competence in meeting daily living needs.	2
885286338	Handicap	Social, educational, or occupational disadvantage that result from an impairment or disability	3
885286339	Communication Disorder	Any communication structure or function that is diminished to a significant degree.	4
885286340	Communication Difference	Communication abilities that differ from those usually contextually encountered in the mainstream culture, but no evidence of impairment. (spanish speaking person to english speaking person)	5
885286341	Organic Disorder	Has a cause. (stroke, cleft palate)	6
885286342	Functional Disorder	Physical cause cannot be found.	7
885286343	Acquired Disorder	Occurs after communication skills have been fully developed	8
885286344	Allophones	Variations in sounds. "Dark" and "Light"	9
885286345	Manner of Articulation	Different ways that speakers can block airflow through the oral cavity using different types of constrictions.	10
885286346	Place of Articulation	Produce blockages at different places in the oral cavity.	11
885286347	Prosody	Change in pitch, stress, intensity, and duration of sounds in connected speech production.	12
885286348	Semantics	The linguistic representation of objects, ideas, feelings, events, and the relationship between these phenomena.	13
885286349	Lexicon	Mental dictionary of words.	14
885286350	Phonology	Study of sounds we use to make words.	15
885286351	Morpheme	Smallest grammatical unit that carries meaning.	16
885286352	Pragmatics	Sociolinguistic conventions that help us decide what to say to whom, and how and when to say it.	17
885286353	Babbling	Earliest phase of speech development.	18
885286354	Canonical Babbling	Syllable like strings of babbling.	19
885286355	Expressive jargon	speech takes on adult like intonation patterns, but no intelligible words.	20
885303062	Phonetic Alphabet	1 to 1 relationship between a sound and a particular letter.	21
885303063	Digraphs	Pairs of letters that represent one sound. (may be same or different letters.)	22
885303064	Minimal Pairs	Words that vary only by ONE phoneme.	23
885303065	Complimentary Distribution	When like phonemes cannot be exchanged because of the vowel context.	24
885303066	Free Variation	Phonetic environment has no bearing on pronunciation.	25
885540179	Onset	In a syllable, all consonants that precede a vowel.	26
885540180	Rhyme	2nd part of a syllable, consisting of a nucleus and coda.	27
885540181	Nucleus	In a syllable, it is usually a vowel unless the syllable uses a consonant as the vowel.	28
885540182	Coda	In a syllable, either single or cluster consonants that follow after the nucleus. May have no elements at all.	29
885540183	Open Syllable	Syllables that end with a vowel phoneme (no coda)	30
885540184	Closed Syllables	Syllables that end with a coda, (consonant phoneme).	31
885540185	Virgules	Slash marks.	32
885540186	Diacritics	Specialized symbols that show modification in the production of a vowel or consonant phoneme durijng transcription.	33
885621903	Allograph	Differing letter sequences that represent the same phoneme.	34

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Speech Pathology/Audiology Chap. 1 Flashcards

This is for an intro to communication disorders class. It goes over the basics of being a Speech Patholgist or an Audiologist and the schooling required to be one.

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302711537	ASHA	American Speech/Languange and Hearing association	1
302711538	Audiology	The study of hearing and balance	2
302711539	Speech Pathology	The study of cognition, swallowing, communication, sppech and language	3
302711540	CCC	Certificate of Clinical Competency	4
302711541	ENT	Ear, Nose, and Throat doctor	5
302711542	AAA	American academy of audiology	6
302711543	HIS	Hearing instrument specialist	7
302711544	Autonomy	Patient's right to choose	8
302711545	Beneficence	Promote well being of patient	9
302711546	Non-Maleficence	Do no harm	10
302711547	Justice	Objective and reasonable allocation of resources	11
302711548	Dignity	Patients and clinician should be treated with respect	12
302711549	Trustfulness	Infrormed consent	13
302711550	Health Care Ethics	Autonomy, Beneficence, Non-Maleficence, Justice, Dignity, Trustfulness	14
302711551	ASHA Code or Ethics (I.)	Confidentiality is paramount, quality of service, and clients should come first	15
302711552	ASHA Code of Ethics (II.)	Responsibility to be professionally competent	16
302711553	ASHA Code of Ethics (III.)	Professionals should engage in continuous education and understanding	17
302711554	ASHA Code of Ethics (IV.)	Professionals are responible for maintaining ethical standards and cooperation among all collegues	18
302711555	Ethics	A set of pinciples that assure professional acts with integrity according to the highest standard of conduct	19
302711556	IEP	Individualized Education program	20
302711557	IDEA	Individuals with Disabilites Education Act	21
302711558	ADA	Americans with Disabilites Act	22
302719923	Discipline	Area of study	23
302719924	Profession	Area of practice	24

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Intro To Psychlogy Flashcards

Learning

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674668696	Acquisition	The formation of a new conditioned response tendency.	1
674668697	Avoidance Learning	Learning that has occurred when an organism engages in response that prevents aversive stimulation from occurring.	2
674668698	Behavior Modification	A systematic approach to changing behavior through the application through of the principles of conditioning.	3
674668699	Behavioral Contract	A written agreement outlining a promise to adhere to the contingencies of a behavior modification program.	4
674668700	Classical Conditioning	A type of learning in which a neutral stimulus acquires the ability to evoke a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus.	5
674668701	Conditioned Reinforcers	Stimulus events that acquire qualities by being associated with the reinforcers.	6
674668702	Conditioned Response	A learned reaction to a condition stimulus that occurs because of previous conditioning.	7
674668703	Continuous Reinforcement	Reinforcing every instance of a designed response.	8
674668704	Cumulative Recorder	A graphic record of reinforcement and responding in a Skinner box as a function of time.	9
674668705	Conditioned Stimulus	A previously neutral stimulus that has, through conditioning, acquired the capacity to evoke a conditioned response.	10
674668706	Discriminative Stimuli	Cues that influence operant behavior by indicating the probable consequences (reinforcement or nonreinforcement) of a response.	11
674668707	Elicit	To draw out or bring forth.	12
674668708	Emit	To send forth.	13
674668709	Escape Learning	A type of learning in which an organism acquires a response that decreases or ends some aversive stimulation.	14
674668710	Evaluate Conditioning	Efforts to transfer the emotion attached to unconditioned stimulus to a new conditioned stimulus.	15
674668711	Extinction	The gradual weakening and disappearance of a conditioned response tendency.	16
674668712	Fixed-Interval Schedule	A reinforcement in which the reinforcer is given for the first response that occurs after a fixed time interval has elapsed.	17
674668713	Fixed-Ratio Schedule	A reinforcer schedule in which the reinforcer is given after a fixed number of non reinforced responses.	18
674668714	High-Order Conditioning	A type of conditioning in which a conditioned stimulus functions as if it were an unconditioned stimulus.	19
674668715	Phobias	Irrational fears of specific objects or situations.	20
674668716	Latent Learning	Learning that is not apparent from behavior when it first occurs.	21
674668717	Learning	A relatively durable change in behavior or knowledge that is due to experience.	22
674668718	Negative Reinforcement	The strengthening of a response because it is followed by the removal of an aversive (unpleasant) stimulus.	23
674668719	Observational Learning	A type of learning that occurs when an organism's responding is influenced by the observation of others, who are called models.	24
674668720	Operant Chamber	A small enclosure in which an animal can make a specific response that is systematically recorded while the consequences of the response are controlled	25
674668721	Operant Conditioning	A form of learning in which voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences.	26
674668722	Partial Reinforcement	A reinforcement schedule in which a designated response is reinforced only some of the time.	27
674668723	Positive Reinforcement	Reinforcement that occurs when a response is strengthened because it is followed by the presentation of a rewarding stimulus.	28
674668724	Primary Reinforcers	Events that are inherently reinforcing because they satisfy biological needs.	29
674668725	Punishment	An event that follows a response that weakens or suppresses the tendency to make that response.	30
674668726	Reinforcement	An event following a response that strengthens the tendency to make that response.	31
674668727	Reinforcement Contingencies	The circumstances or rules that determine whether response lead to the presentation of reinforcers.	32
674668728	Renewal Effect	Phenomenon that occurs if a response is extinguished in a different environment than it was acquired; the extinguished response will reappear if the animal is returned to the original environment where acquisition took place.	33
674668729	Resistance to Extinction	In operant conditioning, the phenomenon that occurs when an organism continues to make a response after delivery of the reinforcer for it has been terminated.	34
674668730	Schedule of Reinforcement	A specific presentation of reinforcer over time.	35
674668731	Secondary Reinforcers	Stimulus events that acquire reinforcing qualities by being associated with primary reinforcers.	36
674668732	Shaping	The reinforcement of closer and closer approximations of a desired response.	37
674668733	Spontaneous Recovery	In classical conditioning, the reappearance of an extinguished response after a period of nonexposure to the conditioned stimulus.	38
674668734	Stimulus Discrimination	The phenomenon that occurs when an organism that has learned a response to a specific stimulus does not respond in the same way to stimuli that are similar to the original stimulus.	39
674668735	Trial	In classical conditioning. any presentation of a stimulus or pair of stimuli.	40
674668736	Unconditioned Response	An unlearned reaction to an unconditioned stimulus that occurs without previous conditioning.	41
674668737	Unconditioned Stimulus	A stimulus that evokes an unconditioned response without previous conditioning.	42
674668738	Variable-Interval Schedule	A reinforcement schedule in which the reinforcer is given for the first response after a variable time interval has elapsed.	43
674668739	Variable-Ratio Schedule	A reinforcement schedule in which the reinforcer is given after a variable number of reinforced responses.	44

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SAT Prep Flashcards Chapters 3-4 (Hot Words for the SAT) Flashcards

SAT Prep flashcards from the Hot Words for the SAT book: Chapters 3-4.

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1263727410	arrogant	overbearing; proud; haughty	1
1263727411	braggart	one who boasts a great deal	2
1263727412	complacent	self-satisfied; smug	3
1263727413	contemptuous	lacking respect; scornful	4
1263727414	disdainful	full of bitter scum and pride; aloof	5
1263727415	egotistical	excessively self-absorbed; very confused	6
1263727416	haughty	having great pride in oneself and dislike for others	7
1263727418	insolent	boldly disrespectful in speech or behavior; rude	8
1263727420	narcisstic	having to do with extreme self-adoration and a feeling of superiority to everyone	9
1263727422	ostentatious	having to do with showing off; pretentious	10
1263727424	presumptuous	too forward or bold; overstepping proper bounds	11
1263727426	pretentuous	claiming or pretending increased importance; ostentatious; affectedly grand	12
1263727430	supercilious	looking down on others; proud and scornful	13
1263727432	swagger	to walk around in a proud, showy manner; to boast in a loud manner	14
1263727434	banal	dull or stale because of overuse; trite; hackneyed	15
1263727436	cliché	an idea or expression that has become stale due to overuse	16
1263727440	derivative	unorginal; taken from something already existing	17
1263727443	hackneyed	made commonplace by overuse; trite (noune: hack, one who copies or imitates the work of others)	18
1263727445	insipid	lacking flavor or taste; unexciting	19
1263727447	lackluster	lacking vitality, energy, or brightness; boring	20
1263727449	mundane	commonplace; ordinary	21
1263727451	platitude	quality of being dull; an obvious remark uttered as if it were original	22
1263727453	prosaic	dull; commonplace	23
1263727455	trite	unoriginal or stale due to overuse	24
1263727457	vapid	lacking freshness and zest; flat; stale	25

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SAT Prep Flashcards Chapters 1-2 (Hot Words for the SAT) Flashcards

SAT Prep flashcards from the Hot Words for the SAT book: Chapters 1-2.

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18181440	brevity	briefness or conciseness in speech or writing	18181440
18181441	concise	using few words in speaking or writing	18181441
18181442	laconic	using few words in speech	18181442
18181443	pithy	brief and full of meaning and substance; concise	18181443
18181444	quiescent	quiet, still, inactive	18181444
18181445	reticent	not talking much; reserved	18181445
18181446	succinct	clearly and briefly stated; concise	18181446
18181447	taciturn	silent; sparing of words; close-mouthed	18181447
18181448	terse	using only the words that are needed to make the point; very concise, sometimes to the point of rudeness	18181448
18181449	bombastic	using language in a pompous or showy way; speaking to impress others	18181449
18181450	circumlocution	speaking in circles; roundabout speech	18181450
18181451	colloquial	pertaining to common everyday speech; conversational	18181451
18181452	diffuse	spread out; not concise; wordy	18181452
18181453	digress	to wander off from the subject or topic spoken about	18181453
18181454	eloquence	artful ease with speaking; speech that can influence people's feelings	18181454
18181455	garrulous	talkative, loquacious	18181455
18181456	grandiloquent	using big and fancy words when speaking for the purpose of impressing others	18181456
18181457	loquacious	very talkative; liking to talk; garrulous	18181457
18181458	prattle	to speak on and on in a senseless and silly manner; to talk foolishly	18181458
18181459	ramble	to talk on and on pointlessly, without clear direction	18181459
18181460	rant	to talk very loudly, even wildly; rave	18181460
18181461	rhetorical	relating to speech that is used to persuade or have some effect; insincere in expression	18181461
18181462	verbose	using too many words; wordy; long-winded	18181462
18181463	voluble	talking a great deal with ease; glib	18181463

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Geomertry Flashcards

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1289003348	Acute Angle	An angle whose measure is less than 90 degrees.	1
1289003349	Right Angle	An angle whose measure is exactly 90 degrees.	2
1289003350	Obtuse Angle	An angle whose measure is between 90 degrees and 180 degrees.	3
1289003351	Straight Angle	An angle whose measure is exactly 180 degrees.	4
1289003352	Complementary Angles	Two angles whose measures have a sum of 90 degrees.	5
1289003353	Supplementary Angles	Two angles whose measures have a sum of 180 degrees.	6
1289003354	Adjacent Angles	Two angles that share a common side and vertex and do not overlap.	7
1289003355	Vertical Angles	A pair of opposite angles formed when two lines meet at a point.	8
1291961732	Congruent Angles	Angles that have the same measure.	9
1291961733	Parallel Lines	Two lines in the same plane that do not intersect.	10
1291961734	Intersecting Lines	Two lines that meet at a point.	11
1291961735	Perpendicular Lines	Two lines that intersects to form four right angles.	12
1291961736	Corresponding Angles	Angles that occupy coresponding positions when a line intersects two other lines.	13
1291961737	Acute Triangle	An triangle with three acute angles.	14
1291961738	Right Triangle	A triangle with one right angle.	15
1291961739	Obtuse Triangle	A triangle with one obtuse angle.	16
1291961740	Congruent Sides	.Sides that have the ssame length.	17
1315143440	Equilateral Triangle	A triangle with three congruent sides	18
1315143441	Isosceles Triangle	A triangle with at least two congruent sides.	19
1315143442	Scalene Triangle	A triangle with no congruent sides	20
1315143443	Triangle	A geometric figure with three sides.	21
1315143444	Quadrilateral	A geometric figure made up of four line segments, called sides, that intersect only at their endpoints; a polygon with four sides.	22
1315143445	Trapezoid	A quadrilateral with exactly 1 pair of parallel sides.	23
1315143446	Parallelogram	A quadrilateral with 2 pairs of parallel sides.	24
1315143447	Rhombus	A parallelogram with 4 congruent sides.	25
1315143448	Rectangle	A parallelogram with four right angles.	26
1315143449	Regular Polygon	A polygon with all sides equal in length and all angles equal in measure.	27
1315143450	Similar Polygons	Polygons that have the same shape but not necessarily the same size.	28
1315143451	Congruent Polygons	Similar polygons that have the same shape and the same size.	29
1315421188	Point	A position in space represented by a dot.	30
1315421189	Line	A set of points that extends without end in two opposite directions.	31
1315421190	Line Segment	A part of a line that consists of two endpoints and all the points between them.	32
1315421191	Angle	A figure formed by two rays with the same endpoint.	33
1315421192	Ray	A part of a line that has one endpoint and extends without end in one direction.	34

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Chapter 9. Pure Competition in the Long Run Flashcards

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775373662	In a purely competitive industry there may be economic profits in the _____, but not in the ______.	short run but not in the long run.	1
775373663	If a purely competitive firm is producing at the MR = MC output level and earning an economic profit, then ____ will ____ the market	new firms will enter the market.	2
775373664	Long-run competitive equilibrium results in ____ ____ profits.	zero economic profits.	3
775373665	Economic profits encourage firms to enter an industry and ____ encourages firms to _____.	losses encourage firms to leave.	4
775373666	Assume a purely competitive increasing-cost industry is initially in long-run equilibrium and that an increase in consumer demand occurs. After all economic adjustments have been completed product price will be:	higher and total output will be larger than originally.	5
775373667	Assume a purely competitive, increasing-cost industry is in long-run equilibrium. If a decline in demand occurs, firms will ___ and price and output will ____.	leave the industry and price and output will decline.	6
775373668	When a purely competitive firm is in long-run equilibrium price equals _____ _____.	price equals marginal cost.	7
775373669	An increasing-cost industry is associated with what an _______ ______ _____ supply curve.	upsloping long-run supply curve.	8
775373670	Assume a purely competitive firm is maximizing profit at some output at which long-run average total cost is at a minimum then there is ____ ____ for the industry's firms to ____ or ____.	there is no tendency for the industry's firms to expand or contract.	9
775373671	Assuming that a decline in consumer demand occurs in a purely competitive industry which is initially in long-run equilibrium. We can not compare the ____ and the ___ price without knowing about ______ _______ in the industry.	not compare the original and the new price without knowing about cost conditions in the industry.	10
775373672	When LCD televisions first came on the market, they sold for at least $1,000, and some for much more. Now many units can be purchased for under $400. These facts imply that:	the LCD television industry is a decreasing-cost industry.	11
775373673	Suppose that an industry's long-run supply curve is downsloping. This suggests that the this is a ______ _____ industry.	it is a decreasing-cost industry.	12
775373674	Purely competitive industry X has constant costs and its product is an inferior good. The industry is currently in long-run equilibrium. The economy now goes into a recession and average incomes decline. What will happen to output and price?	an increase in output, but not in the price of the product.	13
775373675	The MR = MC rule applies in both the ___ ___ and then the ___ ___.	short run and the long run.	14
775373676	If the long-run supply curve of a purely competitive industry slopes upward, this implies that the prices of relevant resources ____ as the industry _____.	rise as the industry expands.	15
775373677	A firm is producing an output such that the benefit from one more unit is more than the cost of producing that additional unit. This means the firm is producing ___ ____ then the _____ _____ requires.	less output than allocative efficiency requires.	16
775373678	The term productive efficiency refers to:	the production of a good at the lowest average total cost.	17
775373679	The term allocative efficiency refers to:	the production of the product-mix most desired by consumers.	18
775373680	Under pure competition in the long run both _____ ______ and _____ _____ are achieved.	allocative efficiency and productive efficiency are achieved.	19
775373681	If a purely competitive firm is producing where price exceeds marginal cost, then the firms will ____ to ____ profit and ____ will be ______ to the product.	the firm will fail to maximize profit and resources will be underallocated to the product.	20
775373682	Allocative efficiency occurs whenever:	it is impossible to produce a net benefit for society by changing the combination of goods and services produced.	21
775373683	In long-run equilibrium consumer and producer surplus will be maximized in what market type?	purely competitive market	22
775373684	Creative destruction is:	the process by which new firms and new products replace existing dominant firms and products.	23
775373685	The entry of generic drugs into a previously monopolized pharmaceutical market will ______ _____ by ____ ____ ____.	increase efficiency by increasing consumer surplus.	24

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Animals Flashcards

30 animals.
- Some insects
- Some farm animals
- Wild animals
- Birds

Terms : Hide Images

337627846	Lion	1
337627847	Tiger	2
337627848	Penguin	3
337627849	mouse	4
337627850	Camel	5
337627851	Crocodile	6
337627852	Kangaroo	7
337627853	Dolphin	8
337627854	Mosquito	9
337627855	Sheep	10
337627856	Eagle	11
337627857	Chicken	12
337627858	Bee	13
337627859	Wasp	14
337627860	Butterfly	15
337627861	Spider	16
337627862	Fly	17
337627863	Bear	18
337627864	Elephant	19
337627865	Whale	20
337627866	Shark	21
337627867	Pig	22
337627868	Bull	23
337627869	Rabbit	24
337627870	Swan	25
337627871	Duck	26
337627872	Goat	27
337627873	Monkey	28
337627874	Gorilla	29
337627875	Giraffe	30

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spanish Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

1458502557	hurricane	huracán	1
1458502558	flood	inundación	2
1458502559	to rain	llover	3
1458502560	rain	la lluvia	4
1458502561	to snow	nevar	5
1458502562	earthquake	el terremoto	6
1458502563	storm	la tormenta	7
1458502564	article	el artículo	8
1458502565	to investigate	investigar	9
1458502566	announcer	el locutor	10
1458502567	newscast	el noticero	11
1458502568	to occur	ocurrir	12
1458502569	reporter	el reportero	13
1458502570	to try to	tratar de	14
1458502571	to put out	apagar	15
1458502572	to go down	bajar	16
1458502573	firefighter	el bombero	17
1458502574	to start	comenzar	18
1458502575	to destroy	destruir	19
1458502576	asleep	dormido	20
1458502577	apartment building	el edifico de apartamentos	21
1458502578	ladder/stairs	la escalera	22
1458502579	to escape	escaparse	23
1458502580	to hide	esconder	24
1458502581	explosion	la explosion	25
1458502582	smoke	el humo	26
1458502583	fire	el incendio	27
1458502584	furniture	los muebles	28
1458502585	dead	muerto	29
1458502586	paramedic	el paramedico	30
1458502587	to burn up	quemar	31
1458502588	they died	se murieron	32
1458502589	to go up	subir	33
1458502590	injured	herido	34
1458502591	injured person	el herido	35
1458502592	hero	el heroe	36
1458502593	heroine	la heroina	37
1458502594	to rescue	rescatar	38
1458502595	to save	salvar	39
1458502596	brave	valiente	40
1458502597	life	la vida	41
1458502598	living	vivo	42
1458502599	because of	a causa de	43
1458502600	fortunately	afortunadamente	44
1458502601	frightened	asustado	45
1458502602	cause	la cause	46
1458502603	in a hurry	de prisa	47
1458502604	suddenly	de repente	48
1458502605	to scream	gritar	49
1458502606	there was	hubo	50
1458502607	to call	llamar	51
1458502608	to hear	oir	52
1458502609	without a doubt	sin duda	53
1458502610	help	socorro	54

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