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Terms C Flashcards

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383050316caliphthe chief muslim political and religious leader0
383050317calpulliAztec clans that supplied labor and warriors to leaders1
383050318capitalthe money and equipment needed to engage in industrialization2
383050319capitalisman economic system based on private ownership and opportunity for profit-making3
383050320caravela small, easily steerable ship used by the Portuguese and Spanish in their explorations4
383050321cartelsunions of independent businesses in order to regulate production, prices, and the marketing of goods5
383050322Catholic Reformation (Counter-Reformation)the religious reform movement within the Roman Catholic Church that occurred in response to the Protestant Reformation.6
383050323Central PowersIn WW1, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, the Ottoman Empire, and other nations who fought with them against the Allies7
383050324chinampasplatforms of twisted vines and mud that served the Aztecs as floating gardens and extended their agricultural land8
383050325chivalrya knight's code of honor in medieval Europe9
383050326civilizationa cultural group with advanced cities, complex insitutions, skilled workers, advanced technology, and a system of recordkeeping10
383050327climatethe pattern of temperature and precipitation over a period of time11
383050328coalitiona government based on temporary alliances of several political parties12
383050329Code Napoleoncollection of laws that standardized French law under the rule of Napoleon bonaparte13
383050330Cold Warthe tense diplomatic relationship between the US and the Soviet Union after WW214
383050331collectivizationthe combination of several small farms into a large government-controlled farm15
383050332Columbian Exchangethe exchange of food crops, livestock, and disease between the Eastern and Western hemispheres after the voyages of Columbus16
383050333commercial revolutionthe expansion of trade and commerce in Europe in the 16th and 17th century17
383050334communisman economic system in which the state controls the means of production18
383050335conscriptionmilitary draft19
383050336conservatismin 19th century Europe, a movement that supported monarchies, aristocracies, and state-established churches20
383050337containmentcold war policy of the US whose purpose was to prevent the spread of communism21
383050338CossacksRussians who conquered and settled Siberia in the 16th and 17th centuries22
383050339covenantagreement; in the Judeo-Christian heritage, an agreement between God and humankind23
383050340criollos (creoles)a term used in colonial Spanish America to describe a person born in the Americas of European parents24
383050341cubisma school of art in which persons and objects are represented by geometric forms25
383050342cultural diffusionthe transmission of ideas and products from one culture to another26
383050343Cultural Revolutiona Chinese movement from 1966 to 1976 intended to establish an egalitarian society of peasants and workers27
383050344cunieforma system of writing originating in Mesopotamia in which a wedge-shaped stylus was used to press symbols into clay28
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Era 4 and Era 5 Must Know Dates Flashcards

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386586381Ottomans capture Constantinople14530
386586382Columbus sails/Reconquista of Span14921
3865863831st African Slaves to the Americas15022
386586384Martin Luther/95 Theses15173
386586385Cortez conquered the Aztecs15214
386586386Pizzarro toppled the Inca15335
386586387Foundation of Jamestown16076
38658638830 Years War1618-16487
386586389End of Ming/Beginning of Qing Dynasty16448
386586390Glorious Revolution/English Bill of Rights16899
3865863917 Years War/French and Indian War1756-176310
386586392Invention of the Spinning Jenny [using machines to manufacture]176711
386586393American Revolution/Smith writes Wealth of Nations177612
386586394French Revolution begins178913
386586395Haitian Independence180414
386586396British abolition of Trans-Atlantic slave trade180715
386586397European Revolutions/Marx & Engels write Communist Manifesto184816
386586398German unification187117
386586399New Zealand grants women suffrage189318
386586400Spanish-American War[Philippines, Cuba, Guam, Puerto Rico]189819
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Chapter 29 and 30 Terms of World History Pre-Ap Flashcards

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359819783Triple AllianceAn alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy.0
359819784Triple EntenteA alliance between Britain, France, and Russia.1
359819785Schlieffen Plana large part of the German army would race to the west, to defeat France, and then return to fight Russa in the east.2
359819786Central PowersGermany and Austria-Hungary. These countries were called this because of their location in the heart of Europe.3
359819787AlliesGreat Britain, France, and Russia. These countries went up against the Central Powers.4
359819788Trench Warfaresoldiers fought each other from trenches. Life in the trenches was miserable and fresh food was nonexistent.5
359819789Total WarAll countries devoted all their resources to the war effort.6
359819790ArmisticeAn agreement to stop fighting. Germany and France made this agreement. This signified the end of World War I.7
359819791Fourteen PointsPresident Wilson's plan to achieve a just and lasting peace. The first five points were an end to secret treaties, freedom of seas, etc. Sixth through thirteenth were specific suggestions for changing borders and creating new nations.8
359819792Treaty of Versaillesan agreement signed between Germany and the Allied powers on June 28, 1919. This treaty had severe restrictions on Germany's military and made Germany pay for the war reparations. Also, Germany lost substantial territory.9
359819793League Of NationsAfter adopting Wilson's 14th point, the treaty created this. It was an international association whose goal would be to keep the peace among nations. The five Allied powers (USA, GB, Fran., Italy, and Japan) were to be permanent members.10
359864537Bolshevikssupported a small number of committed revolutionaries willing to sacrifice everything for a radical change.11
359864538V. I. LeninHad an engaging personality, and an excellent organizer. He was also ruthless, and had traits that would ultimately help him gain command of the Bolsheviks.12
359864539Sovietlocal councils consisting of workers, peasants, and soldiers. The soviets had more influence than the provisional government in most cities.13
359864540Joseph Stalincol, hard, and impersonal. From 1922-1927 he began a ruthless climb to the head of the government. He tried to create a myth that he was the savior and the country's fathers. Stalin glorified himself as the symbol of the nation. A new metal was also called stalinite.14
359864541Totalitarianismdescribes a government that takes total, centralized state control over every aspect of public and private life. It also challenges the highest values prized by the Western democracies-reason, freedom, human dignity, and the worth of the individual.15
359864542Great PurgeIn 1934, when Stalin launched a campaign of terror. It was directed at eliminating anyone who threatened his power.16
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Ch. 31 APWH Ray Flashcards

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366212226Korekiyo TakahashiJapanese minister of finance during the 1930s; increased government spending to stimulate the economy.0
366212227Tojo HidekiJapanese general who dominated internal politics from the mid-1930s;.gave the military dominance over civilian cabinets.1
366212228Singaporepart of the British colony of Malaya with a mostly Chinese population; after World War II emerged as a flourishing, independent city-state.2
366212229Douglas MacArthurAmerica commander during the war against Japan; headed American occupation government of Japan after the war; commanded United Nations forces during the Korean War.3
366212230Liberal Democratic Partyconservative political party that monopolized Japanese governments from 1955 into the 1990s.4
366212231Republic of Koreasouthern half of Korea occupied by the United States after World War II; developed parliamentary institutions under authoritarian rulers; underwent major industrial and economic growth after the 1950s.5
366212232Democratic People's Republic of Koreanorthern half of Korea dominated by USSR after Word War II; formed a communist dictatorship under Kim Il-Song; attacked South Korea to begin the Korean War.6
366212233Korean Warfought between 1950 and 1953 between North Korea and its Soviet and Chinese allies and South Korea and United Nations' forces directed by the United States; ended in stalemate.7
366212234Taiwanisland off the Chinese mainland that became the refuge for Chiang Kai-shek's Kuomindang regime; maintained independence with United State support; rapidly industrialized after the 1950s.8
366212235Hong KongBritish colony in China; became a major commercial and industrial center; returned to China in 1997.9
366212236Hyundaimajor Korean industrial giant; typical of firms producing Korea's economic miracle.10
366212237Lee Kuan Yewauthoritarian ruler of Singapore for three decades from 1959; presided over major economic development.11
366212238Pacific Rim statesFIND AND LEAVE IN COMMENTS12
366212239zaibatsuhuge industrial combines created in Japan during the 1890s. Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895): fought in Korea between Japan and Qing China; Japanese victory demonstrated its arrival as new industrial power.13
366212240Chaing Ching-kuoCOMMENT THE DEFINITION14
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China! Flashcards

Dynasties in order, events/ people in which dynasty

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384294162Qin*unifies china * Standardizes * begins grand canal *shortest dynasty0
384294163Han 202 BC- 224CE* Lui Bang *Golden age * Confucianism * Han Wudi- Martial emperor * Tribute states * Civil service exam *Wang Mang * Yellow turban uprising *Xuinnu1
384294164Sui 581-618Short dynasty *reunify China * like Qin * Buddhism plus Doaism *complete Grand canal2
384294165Tang 618-907* Neo Confusionism * Equal Field system *tribute- Tow-Knee * Uighers, An Lushan3
384294166Song 960-1279* Emperor fired general's and put scholars in charge. That was not smart. Not smart at all. * Finances are AWFUL * Jurchans (nomads) are encroaching. Then the mongols come and invade. * Fast ripening rice4
384294167Yuan* Mongol * Kubla khan * Colored eyed people * Great Khan * Mongols were super mean to the chinese people.5
384294168Ming 1368-1644* Ming Hangwu * Mandate of heaven * Mandrin * Yongle * zheng he * Famine, Manchu's, piracy cause decline6
384294169Qing 1644-1911* Burhaci- founder * Manchus * Queue- braid * Chinese oppression * Kong xi * Quinlong * OPIUM WARS7
384294170Chinese republic 1912* Sun yet sen * Chian Kai Shek * irrigation problems * warlords * pressure from Japan * May 4 movement * Nationalists v. Communists * align with each other stop Japan but one is betrayed * Najing8
384294171Communist era* Moa * tianamin square9
3842941720Xia10
3842941731Shang ( Cradle)11
3842941742Zhou (Cradle)12
3842941753Qin (Classic)13
3842941764Han ( Classic)14
3842941775Sui (Post Classic)15
3842941786Tang ( Post Classic)16
3842941797Song ( Post Classic)17
3842941808Yuan (Post Classic)18
3842941819Ming ( Early modern)19
38429418210Qing ( Early Modern)20
38429418311Republic ( Modern)21
38429418412Mao ( Modern)22
38429418513Deng Xioping ( Modern)23
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Key Dates Flashcards

Dates

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3845643143500 BCESumerians1
384564315480-323 BCEClassical Greece2
384564316500 BCE - 1000 CEBantu Migrations3
3845736014th Century BCEMauryan Empire4
384573604211 BCE - 220 CEHan Dynasty5
38457360633Christianity6
384573608476Fall of Rome7
384573610622Islam8
384573612732Battle of Tours9
384573614750-1258Abbasid caliphate10
3845736161095-1204Crusades11
3845736181300sPax Mongolica12
38457361914th CenturyRenaissance13
3845736201453Fall of Constantinople14
3845736211492Colobus Voyage15
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Chapter 30, 31, 32, and 33 Vocabulary Flashcards

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367192921Mohandas K. GandhiLeader of the Indian independence movement and advocate of nonviolent resistance. After being educated as a lawyer in England, he returned to India and became leader of the Indian National Congress in 1920.0
367192922Jawaharlal NehruIndian statesman. He succeeded Mohandas K. Gandhi as leader of the Indian National Congress. He negotiated the end of British colonial rule in India and became India's first prime minister (1947-1964).1
367192923Haile SelassieEmperor of Ethiopia (r. 1930-1974) and symbol of African independence. He fought the Italian invasion of his country in 1935 and regained his throne during World War II, when British forces expelled the Italians. He ruled Ethiopia as an autocrat.2
367192924Emiliano ZapataRevolutionary and leader of peasants in the Mexican Revolution. He mobilized landless peasants in south-central Mexico in an attempt to seize and divide the lands of the wealthy landowners. Though successful for a time, he was ultimately defeated and assassinated.3
367192925Lazaro CardenasPresident of Mexico (1934-1940). He brought major changes to Mexican life by distributing millions of acres of land to the peasants, bringing representatives of workers and farmers into the inner circles of politics, and nationalizing the oil industry4
367192926Juan PeronPresident of Argentina (1946-1955, 1973-1974). As a military officer, he championed the rights of labor. Aided by his wife Eva, he was elected president in 1946. He built up Argentinean industry, became very popular among the urban poor.5
367192927Iron CurtainWinston Churchill's term for the Cold War division between the Soviet-dominated East and the U.S.-dominated West.6
367192928Cold WarThe ideological struggle between communism (Soviet Union) and capitalism (United States) for world influence. The Soviet Union and the United States came to the brink of actual war during the Cuban missile crisis but never attacked one another.7
367192929Warsaw PactThe 1955 treaty binding the Soviet Union and countries of eastern Europe in an alliance against the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.8
367192930Marshall PlanU.S. program to support the reconstruction of western Europe after World War II.9
367192931Truman DoctrineForeign policy initiated by U.S. president Harry Truman in 1947; offered military aid to help Turkey and Greece resist Soviet pressure.10
367192932Helsinki AccordsPolitical and human rights agreement signed in Helsinki, Finland, by the Soviet Union and western European countries.11
367192933Organization of Petroleum Exporting CountriesOrganization formed in 1960 by oil-producing states to promote their collective interest in generating revenue from oil.12
367192934Proxy WarsDuring the Cold War, local or regional wars in which the superpowers armed, trained, and financed the combatants.13
367192935Dirty WaWar waged by the Argentine military (1976-1982) against leftist groups. Characterized by the use of illegal imprisonment, torture, and executions by the military.14
367192936Saddam HusainPresident of Iraq from 1979 until overthrown by an American-led invasion in 2003. Waged war on Iran from 1980 to 1988. His invasion of Kuwait in 1990 was repulsed in the Persian Gulf War in 1991.15
367192937KeiretsuAlliances of corporations and banks that dominate the Japanese economy.16
367192938Deng XiaopingCommunist Party leader who forced Chinese economic reforms after the death of Mao Zedong.17
367192939Tiananmen SquareSite in Beijing where Chinese students and workers gathered to demand greater political openness in 1989. The demonstration was crushed by Chinese military with great loss of life.18
367192940PerestroikaPolicy of "restructuring" was an attempt to address long suppressed economic problems by moving away from central state planning toward a more open economic system19
367192941SolidarityPolish trade union created in 1980 to protest working conditions and political repression. It began the nationalist opposition to communist rule that led in 1989 to the fall of communism in eastern Europe.20
367192942GlobalizationThe economic political and cultural integration and interaction of all parts of the world brought about be increasing trade, travel, and technology.21
367192943Weapons of Mass DestructionNuclear, chemical, and biological devices that are capable of injuring and killing large numbers of people.22
367192944TerrorismPolitical belief that extreme and seemingly random violence will destabilize a government and permit the terrorists to gain political advantage. Though an old technique, terrorism gained prominence in the late 20th Century.23
367192945Global Pop CulturePopular cultural practices and institutions that have been adopted internationally, such as music, the Internet, television, food, and fashion.24
367192946Global Elite CultureAt the beginning of the twenty-first century, the attitudes and outlook of well-educated, prosperous, Western-oriented people around the world, largely expressed in European languages, especially English.25
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Chapter 7: Acids, Bases, & Solutions

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317384482Solutiona well-mixed mixture that contains a solvent and at least one solute.
317384483Solventthe part of a solution present in the largest amount.
317384484Water"universal solvent".
317384485Colloidis a mixture containing small, undissolved particles that do not settle out.
317384486Solutewhat gets dissolved by the solvent
317384487Suspensionis a mixture in which particles can be seen and easily separated by settling or filtration.
317384488dilute solutiona mixture that has only a little solute dissolved in a certain amount of solvent.
317384489concentrated solutiona solution that has a lot of solute dissolved in the same amount of solvent.
317384490solubilityis a measure of how much solute can dissolve in a solvent at a given temperature.
317384491unsaturated solutionif you can continue to add more solute to the solution
317384492supersaturated solutionhas more dissolved solute than is predicted by its solubility at the given temperature.
317758422Acida substance that tastes sour, reacts with metals and carbonates, and turns blue litmus paper red
317758423corrosivethey eat away at other materials
317758424indicatorcompound that changes color when in contact with an acid or a base
317758425basesubstance that tastes bitter, feels slippery, and turns red litmus paper blue
317758426hydrogen ion (H+)an atom of hydrogen that has lost its electron
317758427hydroxide ion (OH-)the negative ion made of oxygen and hydrogen
317758428pH scalerange of values from 0-14.
317758429neutralizationreaction between an acid and a base
317758430saltany ionic compound that can be made from the neutralization of an acid with a base
317758431acidany substance that produces hydrogen ions in water
317758432digestionbreaks down the complex molecules of foods into smaller molecules
317758433mechanical digestionphysical process where large pieces of food are torn and ground into smaller pieces
317758434chemical digestionbreaks large molecules into smaller ones
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