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AP U.S. History "The American Pageant"-Chapter 11 Flashcards

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51442739patronage(politics) granting favors or giving contracts or making appointments to office in return for political support
51442740war hawksSoutherners and Westerners who were eager for war with Britain. They had a strong sense of nationalism, and they wanted to takeover British land in North America and expand.
51442741judicial reviewthe power of the Supreme Court to declare laws and actions of local, state, or national governments unconstitutional
51442742impeachmentFormal accusation by the lower house of a legislature against a public official, the first step in removal from office.
51442743impressmentBritish practice of taking American sailors and forcing them into military service
51442744economic coercionJefferson came up with the Embargo Act which cut off all trade with all countries. Jefferson hoped this would force the English to come to his terms and stop stealing American sailors. This, however, did not work and greatly hurt American trade.
51442745Macon's Bill No. 2opened trade with britain and france, said if either nation repealed its restrictions on neutral shipping the US would halt trade with the other, didn't work
51442746Aaron BurrAn American politician and adventurer. He was a formative member of the Democratic-Republican Party in New York and a strong supporter of Governor George Clinton. He is remembered not so much for his tenure as the third Vice President, under Thomas Jefferson, as for his duel with Alexander Hamilton, resulting in Hamilton's death. He is also known for his trial and acquittal on charges of treason. Jefferson's vice-president for his first term; not voted into a second term because of radical ideas and ventures that threatened to break up the Union and resulted in the death of Alexander Hamilton.
51442747the ProphetA shawnee indian leader whose brother was Tecumseh
51442748Tecumseha famous chief of the Shawnee who tried to unite Indian tribes against the increasing white settlement (1768-1813)
51442749William ClarkAmerican explorer who aided Meriwether Lewis in an expedition through the Louisiana Purchase
51442750Meriwether Lewispartner with William Clark to explore the Louisiana Purchase
51442751Henry ClayDistinguished senator from Kentucky, who ran for president five times until his death in 1852. He was a strong supporter of the American System, a war hawk for the War of 1812, Speaker of the House of Representatives, and known as "The Great Compromiser." Outlined the Compromise of 1850 with five main points. Died before it was passed however.
51442752James MonroeHe was the fifth President of the United States. He is the author of the Monroe Doctrine. Proclaimed that the Americas should be closed to future European colonization and free from European interference in sovereign countries' affairs. It further stated the United States' intention to stay neutral in European wars
51442753Napolean BonaparteRuler of France, sold Louisisana to the Americans after reciving it from the Spanish
51442754Robert LivingstonHe was the U.S. Minister to France from 1801 to 1804. He negotiated the purchase of the Louisiana Territory.
51442755Albert GallatinJefferson's Sec. of Treasury and a financial genius --> helped to cut the national debt nearly in half
51442756Zebulon Pikeexplored upper Mississippi River, Arkansas River, parts of present-day Colorado and New Mexico. Viewed Mtn peaks above Colorado Plains. Mountain today called Pikes Peak.
51442757John MarshallChief Justice of the Supreme Court from 1801 to 1835. Presided over cases such as Marbury V. Madison; judicial review
51442758Samuel Chasea strong supporter of the American Revolution, a signer of the Declaration of Independence, an ardent Federalist, and the only Supreme Court Justice ever to be impeached. A lawyer by proffesion, in 1796 he was appointed to the U.S. Supreme Court by president Washington. This was after he served as Chief Justice of the General Court of Maryland in 1791. In 1804, for alleged prejudice against the Jeffersonians in treason and sedition trials. The senate, however, in a decision that indicated reluctance to remove judges for purely political reasons, did not convict him, and he remained on the court until his death.
51619955Thomas Jefferson3rd President; leader of Democratic-Republicans; created Jeffersonian republicanism; 1st President to take office in Washington D.C.
51619956William Marburynamed a justice of the peace for the District of Columbia; sued Madison when he learned that his commission was being shelved by Madison (Secretary of State)
51619957James Madison4th President; Secretary of State; lead nation through War of 1812
51619958Toussaint L'Ouverturewas an important leader of the Haïtian Revolution and the first leader of a free Haiti. In a long struggle again the institution of slavery, he led the blacks to victory over the whites and free coloreds and secured native control over the colony in 1797, calling himself a dictator.
51619959John Quincy AdamsSecretary of State, He served as sixth president under Monroe. In 1819, he drew up the Adams-Onis Treaty in which Spain gave the United States Florida in exchange for the United States dropping its claims to Texas. The Monroe Doctrine was mostly Adams' work.
51619960Judiciary Act of 1789law that set up the national court system
51619961Battle of Austerlitzbattle between Austria, Russia, and France; the French under Napoleon defeated the Russian armies of Czar Alexander I and the Austrian armies of Emperor Francis II
51619962Judiiciary Act of 1801passed by Federalist congress; created 16 new federal judgeships and other judicial
51619963Orders in Councilclosed European ports under French control to foreign shipping, unless the vessels 1st stopped at a British port
51619964Revolution of 1800Jefferson's election changed the direction of the government from Federalist to Democratic- Republican, so it was called a "revolution."
51619965Midnight Judgesa nick name given to group of judges that was appointed by John Adams the night before he left office. He appointed them to go to the federal courts to have a long term federalist influence, because judges serve for life instead of limited terms
51619966Chesapeake incident1807 - The American ship Chesapeake refused to allow the British on the Leopard to board to look for deserters. In response, the Leopard fired on the Chesapeake. As a result of the incident, the U.S. expelled all British ships from its waters until Britain issued an apology. They surrendered the colony to the English on Sept. 8, 1664.
51619967Marbury v. MadisonThis case establishes the Supreme Court's power of Judicial Review
51619968Embargo ActAct that forbade the export of goods from the U.S. in order to hurt the economies of the warring nations of France and Britain. The act slowed the economy of New England and the south. The act was seen as one of many precursors to war.
51619969Louisiana Purchase Treaty1803, the U.S. spends $15 million to buy a large amount of land from the west of the Mississippi from France; doubled the size of the United States
51619970Non-Intercourse ActAllowed Americans to carry on trade with all nations except Britian and France.
51619971Mosquito FleetIt is the term used to describe the United States Navy's fleet of small gunboats, leading up to and during the War of 1812.

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