Chpt. 14 The Expansive Realm of Islam Vocabulary
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| 204176772 | Muhammad | the Arab prophet who founded Islam (570-632) | 0 | |
| 204176773 | Mecca | the holiest city of Islam; Muhammad's birthplace | 1 | |
| 204176774 | Medina | City in western Arabia to which the Prophet Muhammad and his followers emigrated in 622 to escape persecution in Mecca. | 2 | |
| 204176775 | Islam | the monotheistic religion of Muslims founded in Arabia in the 7th century and based on the teachings of Muhammad as laid down in the Koran | 3 | |
| 204176776 | Muslim | a believer or follower of Islam | 4 | |
| 204176777 | Allah | Muslim name for the one and only God | 5 | |
| 204176778 | dar al-islam | house, haven or realm of islam | 6 | |
| 204176779 | Bedouin | Nomadic pastoralists of the Arabian peninsula; culture based on camel and goat nomadism; early converts to Islam. | 7 | |
| 204176780 | Khadija | Muhammad's wife; a wealthy widow who ran a prosperous caravan business | 8 | |
| 204176781 | Quran | the sacred writings of Islam revealed by God to the prophet Muhammad during his life at Mecca and Medina | 9 | |
| 204176782 | Ka'ba | Most revered religious shrine in pre-Islamic Arabia; located in Mecca; focus of obligatory annual truce among bedouin tribes; later incorporated as important shrine in Islam | 10 | |
| 204176783 | hijra | Muhammad's journey from Mecca to Medina in 622 | 11 | |
| 204176784 | umma | Muslim religious community | 12 | |
| 204176785 | Five Pillars | Basic rules of Islam. 1. Profession of faith 2. Pray five times a day 3. Give alms (give money) 4. Ramadan fast 5. Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca). | 13 | |
| 204176786 | Ramadan | ninth month of the Muslim calendar marked by fasting | 14 | |
| 204176787 | jihad | a holy war waged by Muslims against infidels | 15 | |
| 204176788 | sharia | Islamic Law | 16 | |
| 204176789 | Abu Baker | one of Muhammad's closet followers, wealthy merchant, a caliph | 17 | |
| 204176790 | Caliph | a supreme political and religious leader in a Muslim government | 18 | |
| 204176791 | Shia | the branch of Islam whose members acknowledge Ali and his descendants as the rightful successors of Muhammad | 19 | |
| 204176792 | Sunni | a member of the branch of Islam that accepts the first four caliphs as rightful successors to Muhammad | 20 | |
| 204176793 | Ali | the fourth caliph of Islam who is considered to be the first caliph by Shiites | 21 | |
| 204176794 | Umayyad Dynasty | came first, favored Arabs, continued to expand east and west | 22 | |
| 204176795 | Damascus | an ancient city (widely regarded as the world's oldest) and present capital and largest city of Syria | 23 | |
| 204176796 | jizya | tax paid by Christians and Jews who lived in Muslim communities to allow them to continue to practice their own religion | 24 | |
| 204176797 | Abu al-Abbas | leader of the rebellion against the Umayyad; descendant of Muhammad's uncle (750 CE) | 25 | |
| 204176798 | Abbasid Dynasty | 750-1265: Succeeded Umayyad Dynasty, Baghdad, Persian Influence, Trading, LEARNING | 26 | |
| 204176799 | uluma | "the learned"; make the decisions on interpretation of the Qur'an | 27 | |
| 204176800 | qadis | Muslim judges who carried out the judicial functions of the state | 28 | |
| 204176801 | Harun al-Rashid | Most famous of Abbasid caliphs; renowned for sumptuous and costly living; dependent on Persian advisors early in reign; death led to civil wars over succession | 29 | |
| 204176802 | Salijuq Turks | a civ. that took over baghdad. | 30 | |
| 204176803 | Battle of Talas River | it ended the expansion of China's Tang dynasty into central Asia, and it opened the door for the spread of Islam among Turkish peoples | 31 | |
| 204176804 | caravanserais | inns offering lodging for caravan merchants as well as food, water, and care for their animals | 32 | |
| 204176805 | Al-Andalus | muslim spain | 33 | |
| 204176806 | Cordoba | a city in southern Spain | 34 | |
| 204176807 | Surfis | A Muslim who seeks to achieve direct contact with God through mystical means | 35 | |
| 204176808 | al-Ghazali | islamic theologian who struggled to fuse greek and quranic traditions | 36 | |
| 204176809 | hajj | pilgrimage to Mecca | 37 | |
| 204176810 | Rubaijait | a | 38 | |
| 204176811 | The Arabian Nights | famous story about a girl whose husband is going to kill her but she continues to tell him stories until he falls in love with her | 39 | |
| 204176812 | Ibn Rushd (Averroes) | Iberian Muslim philosopher; studied Greek rationalism; ignored among Muslims but influential in Europe. | 40 | |
| 204176813 | Baghdad | Capital city of Iraq. As heart of the Arab Empire, it was second only to Constantinople in terms of size and grandeur in 1000 C.E. | 41 |
