YAY for another WHAP test!!! LOL JK who cares about that stuff!
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| 114725737 | Toussaint L'Overture | Leader of the slave rebellion on the French island of St. Domingue in 1791; led to the creation of the independent republic of Haiti in 1804. | 0 | |
| 114725738 | Miguel de Hidalgo | Mexican priest who established an independence movement among Indians and mestizos in 1810; after early victories he was captured and executed. | 1 | |
| 114725739 | Augustin Iturbide | Conservative Creole officer in the Mexican army who joined the independence movement; made emperor in 1821. | 2 | |
| 114725740 | Simon Bolivar | Creole military officer in northern South America; won victories in Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador between 1817 and 1822 that led to the independent state of Gran Colombia. | 3 | |
| 114725741 | Gran Colombia | Existed as an independent state until 1830 when Colombia, Venezuela, and Ecuador became separate independent nations. | 4 | |
| 114725742 | Jose de San Martin | Leader of movements in Rio de la Plata that led to the independence of the United Republic of Rio de la Plata by 1816; later led independence movements in Chile and Peru. | 5 | |
| 114725743 | Pedro I | Son and successor of João VI in Brazil; aided in the declaration of Brazilian independence in 1822 and became constitutional emperor. | 6 | |
| 114725744 | Andres Santa Cruz | Mestizo general who established a union between independent Peru and Bolivia between 1829 and 1839. | 7 | |
| 114725745 | Caudillos | Leaders in independent Latin America who dominated local areas by force in defiance of national policies; sometimes seized the national government. | 8 | |
| 114725746 | Centralists | Latin American politicians who favored strong, centralized national governments with broad powers; often supported by conservative politicians. | 9 | |
| 114725747 | Federalists | Latin American politicians who favored regional governments rather than centralized administrations; often supported by liberal politicians. | 10 | |
| 114725748 | Monroe Doctrine | United States declaration of 1823, which stated that any attempt by a European country to colonize the Americas would be considered an unfriendly act. | 11 | |
| 114725749 | Guano | Bird droppings used as fertilizer; a major Peruvian export between 1850 and 1880. | 12 | |
| 114725750 | Positivism | A philosophy based on the ideas of Auguste Comte; stressed observation and scientific approaches to the problems of society. | 13 | |
| 114725751 | Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna | Mexican general who seized power after the collapse of the Mexican republic in 1835. | 14 | |
| 114725752 | Manifest Destiny | Belief that the United States was destined to rule from the Atlantic to the Pacific. | 15 | |
| 114725753 | Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo (1848) | Treaty between the United States and Mexico; Mexico lost one-half of national territory. | 16 | |
| 114725754 | Benito Juarez | Indian lawyer and politician who led a liberal revolution against Santa Anna; defeated by the French, who made Maximilian emperor; returned to power from 1867 to 1872. | 17 | |
| 114725755 | La Reforma | Name of Juárez's liberal revolution.. | 18 | |
| 114725756 | Gauchos | Mounted rural workers in the Rio de la Plata region. | 19 | |
| 114725757 | Juan Manuel de Rosas | Federalist leader in Buenos Aires; took power in 1831; commanded loyalty of gauchos; restored local autonomy. | 20 | |
| 114725758 | Argentine Republic | Replaced state of Buenos Aires in 1862 as a result of a compromise between centralists and federalists. | 21 | |
| 114725759 | Domingo F. Sarmiento | Liberal politician and president of the Argentine Republic; author of Facundo, a critique of caudillo politics; increased international trade and launched reforms in education and transportation. | 22 | |
| 114725760 | Fazendas | Coffee estates that spread into the Brazilian interior between 1840 and 1860; caused intensification of slavery. | 23 | |
| 114725761 | Modernization theory | The belief that the more industrialized, urban, and modern a society became, the more social change and improvement were possible as traditional patterns and attitudes were abandoned or transformed. | 24 | |
| 114725762 | Dependency theory | The belief that development and underdevelopment were not stages but were part of the same process; that development and growth of areas like western Europe were achieved at the expense of underdevelopment of dependent regions like Latin America. | 25 | |
| 114725763 | Porfirio Diaz | One of Juárez's generals; elected president of Mexico in 1876 and dominated politics for 35 years. | 26 | |
| 114725764 | Cientificos | Advisors to Díaz's government who were influenced strongly by positivist ideas. | 27 | |
| 114725765 | Spanish American War | Fought between Spain and the United States beginning in 1898; resulted in annexation of Puerto Rico and the Philippines; permitted American intervention in the Caribbean. | 28 | |
| 114725766 | Panama Canal | The United States supported an independence movement in Panama, then part of Colombia, in return for the exclusive rights for a canal across the Panamanian isthmus. | 29 | |
| 114725767 | Auguste Comte | 19th-century French philosopher; founder of positivism, a philosophy that stressed observation and scientific approaches to the problems of society. | 30 | |
| 114725768 | Mexican-American War | Fought between Mexico and the United States from 1846 to 1848; led to devastating defeat of Mexican forces and loss of about one-half of Mexico's national territory to the United States | 31 |
