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| 256127458 | Serfdom | Used in the feudal system, where a serf would be tied to the land they worked on for their lives without pay. Was used heavily in early Russia to help maintain an agricultural economy. | 0 | |
| 256127459 | Aristocracy | Land Owner in a civilization. In Russia they were known as the Boyars, in the Ottoman Empire they were known as the Janissaries | 1 | |
| 256127460 | Merchant | Person who sold goods. Was very important to the economy of a civilization, and was the basis of mercantilism which Russia and the Islamic Empires used as an economic system. | 2 | |
| 256127461 | Peter I (The Great) | Russian Tsar who helped establish Russia's Golden Age by westernizing the country a good deal, and expanding the country further. | 3 | |
| 256127462 | Seperation of Church and State | When the government leader of a state is different from the religious leader of that state. This did not occur in Islam or Russia, where the Tsar was the leader of the Russian Christian Orthodoxy and the Muslim Leaders like the Shah and Sultan also were religious leaders. | 4 | |
| 256133519 | Bureaucracy | System of managing government through departments run by appointed officials, helped to improve the organization of the economy of Russia and Islam. | 5 | |
| 256133520 | Ivan III (Russia) | Founder of Russia, convinced other rulers around the area of Moscow to ally with him after he was able to kick out the Mongols in his area of rule. Was also considered the first Tsar. | 6 | |
| 256133521 | Ivan IV (The Terrible) | The vicious second Tsar of Russia that helped to further expand the country through Siberia. When he died without a legitimate heir, it launched the country into the Time of Troubles. | 7 | |
| 256133522 | Tsar (Czar) | Leader of Russian government, named after Cesar, was also religious leader of Russian Christian Orthodoxy. | 8 | |
| 256133523 | Boyar | Aristocracy class of weatlhy land owners in Russia. Were also a large part of the Russian Aristocracy, and were powerful in government until Peter the Great John Brown has AIDS. | 9 | |
| 256133524 | Romanov | Russian Dynasty that came to power in Russia after the Time of Troubles when Ivan IV died without an heir. | 10 | |
| 256133525 | Russian Orthodoxy Christianity | The Christian sect practiced in Russia for most of its history. Is headed by the Tsar. | 11 | |
| 256133526 | Siberia | Location in Northern Russia thats large and barren. Was easy to expand upon because it was uninhabited. If somebody commited treason they were sent here to die. | 12 | |
| 256133527 | Cossack | Settlers from western russia who in the 18th and 17th centuary set out to explore western parts of russia. They were armed forces of the zhar who cleared at any people settled in east | 13 | |
| 256133528 | Old Believer | A person of Russian Orthodox Christianity who disliked the new westernization of Russia, were mainly expelled. | 14 | |
| 256133529 | Balkans | Southeast Europe, where Janissaries were abducted and trained to fight for the Ottomans it was also used to supply the ottomon empire with reasources | 15 | |
| 256133530 | Catherine I (The Great) | Grandaughter of Peter the Great, was a good Russian Tsar who helped to expand Russia, claiming most of Poland, and westernizing the country a good amount. | 16 | |
| 256133531 | Coercive Labor | Any labor system that involves force (slavery, serfdom, and indentured labor). Was very common in Russia and Islam civilizations. | 17 | |
| 256133532 | Baltic | Name the sea that became critical in the development of Russian power during the reign of Peter the Great. | 18 | |
| 256133533 | St. Petersburg | Capital of Russia set up by Peter the Great so as to become closer to West Europe. | 19 | |
| 256133534 | Moscow | Capital of Russia. It was occupied by the ottomons and then conquerd by Ivan the third | 20 | |
| 256133535 | Religious Orthodoxy | The pressure to conform to traditional religious beliefs. | 21 | |
| 256134315 | Sultan | Religious and governmental leader of the Ottomans. Was also considered the Caliph, a religious leader. | 22 | |
| 256134316 | Battle of Chaldiron | Battle between Ottomans and Safavids over Northern Iraq/Anatolia that ended in 1514 with a decisive Ottoman victory. | 23 | |
| 256134317 | Safavid Empire | Founded by Shah Ismail, is located in modern day Iraq. Was of strict Shi'ite Muslim religion which was headed by the Shah. Were frequently at war with Ottoman Empire over their difference in Muslim religion. Had a golden age with Abbas. | 24 | |
| 256554591 | Ottoman Empire | Islamic state founded by Osman in northwestern Anatolia ca. 1300. After the fall of the Byzantine Empire, the Ottoman Empire was based at Istanbul (formerly Constantinople) from 1453 to 1922. It encompassed lands in the Middle East, North Africa, the Caucasus, and eastern Europe. Had a golden age under Suleiman the Magnificant. | 25 | |
| 256554592 | Mughal Empire | Muslim state (1526-1857) exercising dominion over most of India in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries; a minority of Muslims ruled over a majority of Hindus. Was founded by Babur and had a golden age under Akbar the Great. | 26 | |
| 256554593 | Shi'ism | Branch of Islam in which imams are descendants of Muhammad and was only practiced in the Safavid Empire. | 27 | |
| 256554594 | Commerce | The use of buying and selling goods to support an economy. Developed strongly in Muslim Empires, although principles of commerce weren't known at the time. | 28 | |
| 256554595 | Sunni | Branch of Islam in which caliphs can be anybody not just descendents of Muhammad, was practiced mainly in Ottoman Empire, but also in Mughal Empire. | 29 | |
| 256554596 | Constantinople | Capital city of the Byzantine Empire, was conquered by the Ottoman Empire in 1453. | 30 | |
| 256556092 | 1453 | The year that Constantinople fell to Ottoman Turks; end of Byzantine Empire | 31 | |
| 256556093 | artillery | large weapons that shoot bombs, rockets, or shells from a tube. | 32 | |
| 256556094 | Shah | Ruler of Safavid Empire, and leader of Shi'ite Islam in that empire. | 33 | |
| 256556095 | Abbas | Created the capital Isfashan; decided it would take a more Persian character; great sultan; came into power in 1587; most successful ruler of the Safavid. Made the Safavid golden age. | 34 | |
| 256556096 | Suleiman the Magnificent | The most famous Sultan of the Ottomans, Suleiman the magnificent led the Ottomans into a golden age in 1520-1566. He was a brilliant war general and took the Ottomans on to conquer areas of eastern Europe and a much larger portion of the middle east. | 35 | |
| 256556097 | Aurangzeb | Mughal emperor in India and great-grandson of Akbar 'the Great', under whom the empire reached its greatest extent, only to collapse after his death | 36 | |
| 256556098 | Hindu | Polytheistic religion created in India that was part of the Mughal majority. | 37 | |
| 256556099 | Subcontinent | a large landmass that is smaller than a continent. The most famous one is India. | 38 | |
| 256556100 | Din-I-Ilahi | Religion initiated by Akbar in Mughal India; blended elements of the many faiths of the subcontinent; key to efforts to reconcile Hindu and Muslims in India, but failed. | 39 | |
| 256556101 | Akbar | The greatest of the Mughald Emperors. Second half of 1500s. Descendant of Timur. Consolidated power over northern India. Religiously tolerant. Patron of arts, including large mural paintings. | 40 | |
| 256556102 | Babur | Descendant of Timur and Gengis Khan; founded the Mughal Empire. | 41 | |
| 256556103 | Timur | Khan ruler of Jagadai (central Asia); conquered area between northern India and Moscow in late 14th and early 15th centuries. Ancestor of the Mughal Empire. | 42 | |
| 256556104 | Self-sufficiency | the ability to fulfill all of one's needs without assistance. During the early Russian empire, when serfdom was popular, self-sufficiency was common among the lower class citizens. | 43 | |
| 257779830 | Textiles | Fabric goods, produced predominantly in the Safavid Empire, caused economic collapse because the great demand for these textiles caused the empire to rely totally on other countries to provide them with food and supplies. | 44 | |
| 257779831 | Cotton | Cash crop produced in the Safavid Empire. | 45 | |
| 257779832 | Patron of the Arts | Person who gives large amounts of money in support of art for their land. The Russian Romanovs were known to be great Patrons of the Arts and wanted their land to be westernized with Western art on their buildings. | 46 | |
| 257779833 | Sufi | A Muslim who seeks to achieve direct contact with God through mystical means. The Safavids were originally predominantly of this third sect of Islam. | 47 | |
| 257779834 | Zoroastrianism | system of religion founded in Persia in the 6th century BC by Zoroaster, was a precursor for Islam. | 48 | |
| 259175442 | Galley | long, low ship propelled by oars. Were very manueverable and had an advantage on the battlefield, were the reason why the Ottomans won every navy war before the Battle of Lopanto. | 49 |
