I am definitley sure that there are typos in this, so bear with me.
Terms : Hide Images
| 19874202 | Poplation Revolution | Huge growth in population in Western Europe beginning about 1730; prelude to Industrial Revolution; population of France increased 50 percent, England and Prussia 100 percent. | 0 | |
| 19874203 | Protoindustrialization | Preliminary shift away from agricultural economy in Europe; workers become full- or part-time producers of textile and metal products, working at home but in a capitalist system in which materials, work orders, and ultimate sales depended on urban merchants; prelude to Industrial Revolution. | 1 | |
| 19874204 | American Revolution | Rebellion of English American colonies along Atlantic seaboard between 1775 and 1783; resulted in independence for former British colonies and eventual formation of United States of America. | 2 | |
| 19874205 | French Revolution | Revolution in France between 1789 and 1800; resulted in overthrow of Bourbon monarchy and old regimes; ended with establishment of French Empire under Napoleon Bonaparte; source of many liberal movements and constitutions in Europe. | 3 | |
| 19874206 | Louis XVI | Bourbon monarch of France who was executed during the radical phase of the French Revolution (1792). | 4 | |
| 19874207 | Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen | Adopted during the liberal phase of the French Revolution (1789); stated the fundamental equality of all French citizens; later became a political source for other liberal movements. | 5 | |
| 19874208 | Guillotine | Introduced as a method of humane execution; utilized to execute thousands during the most radical phase of the French Revolution known as the Reign of Terror. | 6 | |
| 19874209 | Maximilien Robespierre | Lead Reign of Terror, Responsible for persecution of Louis XVI | 7 | |
| 19874210 | Napoleon Bonaparte | Rose within the French army during the wars of the French Revolution; eventually became general; led a coup that ended the French Revolution and established the French Empire under his rule; defeated and deposed in 1815. | 8 | |
| 19874211 | Congress of Vienna | Meeting in the aftermath of Napoleonic Wars (1815) to restore political stability in Europe and settle diplomatic disputes. | 9 | |
| 19874212 | Liberalism | Political viewpoint with origins in Western Europe during the 19th century; stressed limited state interference in individual life, representation of propertied people in government; urged importance of constitutional rule and parliaments. | 10 | |
| 19874213 | Radicals | Political viewpoint with origins in Western Europe during the 19th century; advocated broader voting rights than liberals; in some cases advocated outright democracy; urged reforms in favor of the lower classes. ( | 11 | |
| 19874214 | Socialism | Political movement with origins in Western Europe during the 19th century; urged an attack on private property in the name of equality; wanted state control of means of production, end to capitalist exploitation of the working man. | 12 | |
| 19874215 | Nationalism | Political viewpoint with origins in Western Europe in the 19th century; often allied with one of other "isms"; urged importance of national unity; valued a collective identity based on culture, race, or ethnic origin. | 13 | |
| 19874216 | Greek Revolution | Rebellion in Greece against the Ottoman Empire in 1820; key step in gradually dismantling the Ottoman Empire in the Balkans. | 14 | |
| 19874217 | French Revolution of 1830 | Second rebellion against Bourbon monarchy; essentially a liberal movement resulting in the creation of a bourgeois government under a moderate monarchy | 15 | |
| 19874218 | Belgian Revolution of 1830 | Produced Belgian independence from the Dutch; established a liberal constitutional monarchy. | 16 | |
| 19874219 | Reform Bill of 1832 | Legislation passed in Great Britain that extended the vote to most members of the middle class; failed to produce democracy in Britain. | 17 | |
| 19874220 | James Watt | Devised a steam engine in 1770s during the Industrial Revolution that could be used for production; steam engine was utilized in textile industries, mining, and railroads. | 18 | |
| 19874221 | Factory System | Not to be confused with the fortified ports of the commercial revolution; intensification of processes of production at single sites during the Industrial Revolution; involved greater organization of labor and firmer discipline. | 19 | |
| 19874222 | Luddites | Workers in Britain (1810-1820) who responded to replacement of human labor by machines during the Industrial Revolution by attempting to destroy the machines; named after a mythical leader, Ned Ludd. | 20 | |
| 19874223 | Chartist Movement | Attempt by artisans and workers in Britain to gain the vote during the 1840s; demands for reform beyond the Reform Act of 1832 were incorporated into a series of petitions; movement failed. | 21 | |
| 19874224 | French Revolution of 1848 | Overthrew the monarchy established in 1830; briefly established a democratic republic; failure of the republic led to the reestablishment of the French Empire under Napoleon III in 1850. | 22 | |
| 19874225 | Revolutions of 1848 | Generally refers to those nationalist and liberal movements within France, Germany, and the Habsburg Empire, specifically in Italy, Austria, and Hungary; after temporary success, the revolutions failed. | 23 | |
| 19874226 | Louis Pasteur | Discoverer of germs; discovery led to more conscientious sanitary regulation by the 1880s. [Pasteurization, Cured rabies] | 24 | |
| 19874227 | Benjamin Disraeli | Leading conservative political figure in Britain in the second half of the 19th century; took initiative of granting vote to working-class males in 1867; typical of conservative politician making use of popular politics. | 25 | |
| 19874228 | Camillo du Cavour | Architect of Italian unification in 1858; formed an alliance with France to attack Austrian control of northern Italy; resulted in creation of constitutional monarchy under Piedmontese king. | 26 | |
| 19874229 | Otto Von Bismarck | Conservative prime minister of Prussia; architect of German unification under Prussian king in 1870; utilized liberal reforms to attract support for conservative causes. | 27 | |
| 19874230 | American Civil War (1861-1865) | First application of Industrial Revolution to warfare; resulted in abolition of slavery in the United States and reunification of North and South. | 28 | |
| 19874231 | Transformismo | Political system in late 19th century Italy that promoted alliance of conservatives and liberals; parliamentary deputies of all parties supported the status quo. | 29 | |
| 19874232 | "Social Question" | Issues relating to repressed classes in Western Europe during the Industrial Revolution, particularly workers and women; became more critical than constitutional issues after 1870. | 30 | |
| 19874233 | Karl Marx | German socialist of the mid-19th century; blasted earlier socialist movements as utopian; saw history as defined by class struggle between groups out of power and those controlling the means of production; preached necessity of social revolution to create proletarian dictatorship. | 31 | |
| 19874234 | Revisionism | Socialist movements that at least tacitly disavowed Marxist revolutionary doctrine; believed social success could be achieved gradually through political institutions. | 32 | |
| 19874235 | Feminist Movement | Sought various legal and economic gains for women, including equal access to professions and higher education; came to concentrate on right to vote; won support particularly from middle-class women; active in Western Europe at the end of the 19th century; revived in light of other issues in the 1960s. | 33 | |
| 19874236 | Mass Leisure Culture | An aspect of the later Industrial Revolution; based on newspapers, music halls, popular theater, vacation trips, and team sports. | 34 | |
| 19874237 | Charles Darwin | Biologist who developed theory of evolution of species (1859); argued that all living species evolved into their present form through the ability to adapt in a struggle for survival. | 35 | |
| 19874238 | Albert Einstein | Developed mathematical theories to explain the behavior of planetary motion and the movement of electrical particles; after 1900 issued theory of relativity. | 36 | |
| 19874239 | Sigmund Freud | iennese physician (19th-20th centuries); developed theories of the workings of the human unconscious; argued that behavior is determined by impulses. | 37 | |
| 19874240 | Romanticism | Artistic and literary movement of the 19th century in Europe; held that emotion and impression, not reason, were the keys to the mysteries of human experience and nature; sought to portray passions, not calm reflection. | 38 | |
| 19874241 | American Exceptionalism | Historical argument that the development of the United States was largely distinctive; contact with Western Europe was incidental to the larger development of the United States on its own terms. | 39 | |
| 19874242 | Triple Alliance | Alliance among Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy at the end of the 19th century; part of European alliance system and balance of power prior to World War I. | 40 | |
| 19874243 | Triple Entente | Alliance among Britain, Russia, and France at the outset of the 20th century; part of European alliance system and balance of power prior to World War I. | 41 | |
| 19874244 | Balkan Nationalism | Movements to create independent nations within the Balkan possessions of the Ottoman Empire; provoked a series of crises within the European alliance system; eventually led to World War I. | 42 |
